Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human EN-RAGE/S100A12 in direct ELISAs and Western blots.
Source
Polyclonal Goat IgG
Purification
Antigen Affinity-purified
Immunogen
E. coli-derived recombinant human EN-RAGE/S100A12
Met1-Glu92
Accession # P80511Formulation
Supplied in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.
Label
Phycoerythrin
Applications
Recommended
ConcentrationSample
Flow Cytometry
10 µL/10 6 cells
See below
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Data Examples
Flow Cytometry | Detection of EN‑RAGE/S100A12 in Human Blood Monocytes by Flow Cytometry. Human peripheral blood monocytes were stained with Goat Anti-Human EN‑RAGE/S100A12 PE‑conjugated Antigen Affinity-purified Polyclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB1052P, filled histogram) or isotype control antibody (Catalog # , open histogram). View our protocol for . |
Preparation and Storage
Shipping
The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Protect from light. Do not freeze.
12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.
Background: EN-RAGE/S100A12
EN-RAGE, also known as S100A12 and Calgranulin C, is a 10 kDa member of the S100 (Soluble in 100% saturated ammonium sulfate) family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. Like other S100 proteins, S100A12 is small and generally acidic (1-3). EN-RAGE forms noncovalent homodimers in the absence of divalent cations (4-6); calcium and zinc promote the formation of higher order assemblies including tetramers and hexamers (4, 7, 8). The ability of S100A12 to chelate zinc enables it to inhibit the zinc-dependent metalloproteases MMP-2, -3, and -9 (8). S100A12 also forms heterodimers with S100A9 and binds to RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products), Annexin V, and several cytosolic enzymes involved in energy metabolism (9, 10). The hexameric form of EN-RAGE in particular binds RAGE with high affinity (7). EN-RAGE induces a variety of inflammatory responses including the in vivo recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells and the activation of mast cells and vascular endothelial cells (9, 11-14). EN-RAGE is found at elevated levels under inflammatory conditions such as asthma, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis (8, 12, 14). S100A12 also promotes neurite outgrowth in isolated hippocampal neurons (15). An ortholog of S100A12 has not been identified in rodents, but the human protein is functional in mice and rats (11-16).
References:
Santamaria-Kisiel, L. et al. (2006) Biochem. J. 396:201.
Leclerc, E. et al. (2009) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1793:993.
Wicki, R. et al. (1996) Cell Calcium 20:459.
Moroz, O.V. et al. (2009) BMC Biochem. 10:11.
Miranda, L.P. et al. (2001) FEBS Lett. 488:85.
Vogl, T. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:25291.
Xie, J. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:4218.
Goyette, J. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:593.
Hatakeyama, T. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Biochem. 271:3765.
Hofmann, M.A. et al. (1999) Cell 97:889.
Yang, Z. et al. (2001) J. Leukoc. Biol. 69:986.
Rouleau, P. et al. (2003) Clin. Immunol. 107:46.
Yan, W.X. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:13035.
Yang, Z. et al. (2007) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 119:106.
Mikkelsen, S.E. et al. (2001) J. Neurochem. 79:767.
Fuellen, G. et al. (2004) OMICS 8:334.
Long Name:
Extracellular Newly Identified RAGE-binding Protein
Entrez Gene IDs:
6283 (Human)
Alternate Names:
CAAF1; CAAF1Neutrophil S100 protein; CAAFI; CAGC; CAGCS100 calcium binding protein A12 (calgranulin C); CAGCS100; Calcium-binding protein in amniotic fluid 1; Calgranulin C; calgranulin-C; CGRPEN-RAGE; ENRAGE; EN-RAGE; Extracellular newly identified RAGE-binding protein; MRP6; p6calgranulin C; protein S100-A12; S100 calcium binding protein A12; S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (calgranulin C); S100 calcium-binding protein A12; S100A12
