Human/Mouse Insulin R/CD220 Allophycocyanin Affinity Pur PAb 100 TESTS

• Species Reactivity

  Human, Mouse

• Specificity

  Detects human Insulin R/CD220 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs, approximately 20% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse Insulin R is observed and less than 5% cross-reactivity with recombinant human INSRR is observed.

• Source

  Polyclonal Goat IgG

• Purification

  Antigen Affinity-purified

• Immunogen

  Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Insulin R/CD220    
  His28-Lys944    
  Accession # NP_001073285

• Formulation

  Supplied in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

• Label

  Allophycocyanin

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Flow Cytometry

  10 µL/10    ⁶ cells

  See below

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Shipping

  The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

• Stability & Storage

  Protect from light.    Do not freeze.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.

Background: Insulin R/CD220

The Insulin Receptor (INS R) and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1 R) constitute a subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (1‑4). The two receptors share structural similarity as well as overlapping intracellular signaling events, and are believed to have evolved through gene duplication from a common ancestral gene. INS R cDNA encodes a type I transmembrane single chain preproprotein with a putative 27 amino acid residues (aa) signal peptide. The large INS R extracellular domain is organized into two successive homologous globular domains, which are separated by a Cysteine-rich domain, followed by three fibronectin type III domains. The intracellular region contains the kinase domain sandwiched between the juxtamembrane domain used for docking insulin-receptor substrates (IRS), and the carboxy-terminal tail that contains two phosphotyrosine-binding sites. After synthesis, the single chain INS R precursor is glycosylated, dimerized and transported to the Golgi apparatus where it is processed at a furin-cleavage site within the middle fibronectin type III domain to generate the mature disulfide-linked  alpha ₂ beta ₂ tetrameric receptor. The alpha subunit is localized extracellularly and mediates ligand binding while the transmembrane beta subunit contains the cytoplasmic kinase domain and mediates intracellular signaling. As a result of alternative splicing, two INS R isoforms (A and B) that differ by the absence or presence, respectively, of a 12 aa residue sequence in the carboxyl terminus of the alpha subunit exist. Whereas the A isoform is predominantly expressed in fetal tissues and cancer cells, the B isoform is primarily expressed in adult differentiated cells. Both the A and B isoforms bind insulin with high-affinity, but the A isoform has considerably higher affinity for IGF‑I and IGF‑II. Ligand binding induces a conformational change of the receptor, resulting in ATP binding, autophosphorylation, and subsequent downstream signaling. INS R signaling is important in metabolic regulation, but may also contribute to cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Mutations in the INS R gene have been linked to insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and leprechaunism, an extremely rare disorder characterized by abnormal resistance to insulin that results in a variety of distinguishing characteristics, including growth delays and abnormalities affecting the endocrine system. INS R is highly conserved between species, rat INS R shares 94% and 97% aa sequence homology with the human and mouse receptor, respectively.

• References:

1. Nakae, J. et al. (2001) Endoc. Rev. 22:818.

2. De Meyts, P. and J. Whittaker (2002) Nature Rev. Drug Disc. 1:769.

3. Kim, J.J. and D. Accili (2002) Growth Hormone and IGF Res. 12:84.

4. Sciacca, L. et al. (2003) Endocrinology 144:2650.

• Long Name:

  Insulin Receptor

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  3643 (Human); 16337 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  CD 220; CD220 antigen; CD220; EC 2.7.10; EC 2.7.10.1; HHF5; INSR; Insulin R; insulin receptor; InsulinR; IR