Species Reactivity
Human
Specificity
Detects human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18 in ELISAs. In sandwich immunoassays, no cross-reactivity or interference with recombinant human (rh) APRIL, rhLIGHT, rhTNF-alpha, or rhVEGI is observed.
Source
Monoclonal Mouse IgG1 Clone # 109114
Immunogen
S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line Sf 21-derived recombinant human GITR Ligand/TNFSF18
Glu52-Ser177
Accession # Q9UNG2Formulation
Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.
Label
Alexa Fluor 700
Applications
Recommended
ConcentrationSample
Flow Cytometry
0.25-1 µg/10 6 cells
HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application. are available in the Technical Information section on our website.
Preparation and Storage
Shipping
The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
Stability & Storage
Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.
Background: GITR Ligand/TNFSF18
GITR (glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor superfamily-related protein, also named AITR, activation-inducible TNF receptor superfamily-related protein) and GITR Ligand (GITRL) are novel members of the TNF receptor (TNFR) and TNF superfamilies (SF) that have been designated TNFRSF18 and TNFSF18, respectively. Human GITR Ligand cDNA encodes a 177 amino acid type II membrane protein. The carboxy-terminal extracellular domain shows sequence identity to TNF/TNFSF2 (21%), Fas ligand/TNFSF6 (21%), TRAIL/TNFSF10 (18%), and lymphotoxin alpha /TNFSF1 (18%). GITR Ligand is constitutively expressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells but is not expressed in resting or stimulated T cell lines, B cell lines or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. GITR, the receptor for GITR Ligand, is expressed at low levels in peripheral blood T cells, bone marrow, thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. In contrast to mouse GITR, expression of human GITR is not induced by treatment with dexamethasone, but is up-regulated by antigen-receptor stimulation or by treatment with soluble anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 or PMA plus ionomycin. Ligation of GITR has been found to induce nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B activation via TNF receptor-associated factor 2 and protect cells from TCR activation-induced cell death. It has been proposed that GITR Ligand and GITR may modulate T lymphocyte functions in peripheral tissues.
References:
Nocentini, G. et al. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:6216.
Kwon, B. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:6056.
Gurney, A.L. et al. (1999) Curr. Biol. 9:215.
Kwon, B. et al. (1999) Curr. Opin. Immunol. 11:340.
Long Name:
Glucocorticoid Induced TNF Receptor Family Related Gene Ligand
Entrez Gene IDs:
8995 (Human); 240873 (Mouse)
Alternate Names:
Activation-inducible TNF-related ligand; AITRLMGC138237; GITR Ligand; GITRLglucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein ligand; Glucocorticoid-induced TNF-related ligand; hGITRLGITR ligand; TL6AITR ligand; TNFSF18; tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 18; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 18
