Purity
>90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated human T cells. Human T lymphocytes cultured for 72 hours with PHA were incubated for an additional 3 days in 96 well plates coated with 500 ng/mL
anti-CD3 and Recombinant Human TIM‑1/KIM‑1/HAVCR.
The ED 50 for this effect is 0.2-0.8 µg/mL.
Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.Source
Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived Ser21-Thr288, with a C-terminal 6-His tag
Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
AnalysisSer21
Predicted Molecular Mass
29.6 kDa
SDS-PAGE
85-105 kDa, reducing conditions
1750-TM |
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Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. | ||
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. | ||
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | ||
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Background: TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR
TIM-1 (T cell-immunoglobulin-mucin; also KIM-1 and HAVcr-1) is a 100 kDa, type I transmembrane glycoprotein member of the TIM family of immunoglobulin superfamily molecules (1-3). This gene family is involved in the regulation of Th1 and Th2-cell-mediated immunity. Human TIM-1 is synthesized as a 359 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a 20 aa signal sequence, a 270 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment and a 48 aa cytoplasmic domain (4-6). The ECD contains one V-type Ig-like domain and a mucin region characterized by multiple PTTTTL motifs. The mucin region undergoes extensive O-linked glycosylation. The TIM-1 gene is highly polymorphic and undergoes alternate splicing (1). For instance, the presence of a six aa sequence (MTTTVP) at position # 137 of the mature molecule is associated with protection from atopy in people with a history of hepatitis A (7, 8). There are two cytoplasmic alternate splice forms of TIM-1. One is a long (359 aa) kidney form termed TIM-1b, and one is a short (334 aa) liver form termed TIM-1a. Both are identical through the first 323 aa of their precursors. TIM-1b contains a tyrosine phosphorylation motif that is not present in 1a (6). TIM-1 is also known to circulate as a soluble form. Constitutive cleavage by an undefined MMP (possibly ADAM33) releases an 85-90 kDa soluble molecule (6). The ECD of human TIM-1 is 50% and 43% aa identical to mouse and canine TIM-1 ECD, respectively. The only two reported ligands for TIM-1 are TIM-4 and the hepatitis A virus (4, 9). However, others are believed to exist, and based on the ligand for TIM-3, one may well be an S-type lectin (10). TIM-1 ligation induces T cell proliferation and promotes cytokine production (1, 10).
References:
Meyers, J.H. et al. (2005) Trends Mol. Med. 11:1471.
Kuchroo, V.K. et al. (2003) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 3:454.
Mariat, C. et al. (2005) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 360:1681.
Feigelstock, D. et al. (1998) J. Virol. 72:6621.
Ichimura, T. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:4135.
Bailly, V. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:39739.
Umetsu, D.T. et al. (2005) J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 40:S43.
Gao, P-S. et al. (2005) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 115:982.
Zhu, C. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:1245.
Meyers, J.H. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:455.
Long Name:
T Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin-1
Entrez Gene IDs:
26762 (Human); 171283 (Mouse); 286934 (Rat); 102141332 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names:
CD365; HAVCR1; HAVCR-1; HAVCRT cell immunoglobin domain and mucin domain protein 1; hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1; Kidney injury molecule 1; KIM1; KIM-1; T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 1; TIM1; TIM-1; TIM-1TIM; TIM1TIMD-1; TIMD1T-cell membrane protein 1
