Purity
>90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When recombinant human TLR-4 is Immobilized at 2 µg/mL (100 µL/well), the concentration of rhMD-2 that produces 50% optimal binding response is found to be approximately 0.03-0.15 µg/mL.
Source
E. coli-derived
Met Human MD-2
(Glu17 - Asn160)
Accession # BAA78717IEGRGGGSGGGSGGGS 10-His tag N-terminus C-terminus Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
AnalysisMet
Predicted Molecular Mass
19.2 kDa (monomer)
Carrier Free
What does CF mean?
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
What formulation is right for me?
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
1787-MD/CF |
| 1787-MD |
Formulation Supplied as a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA. | Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. | |
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. | ||
Shipping The product is shipped with dry ice or equivalent. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | |
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
| Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Background: MD-2
MD-2, also known as lymphocyte antigen 96 and ESOP-1, is a secreted glycoprotein that shares conserved cysteine residues and significant sequence similarity (23%) with MD-1. The gene of human MD-2 encodes a 160 amino acid residue (aa) precursor protein with a 16 aa signal peptide and a 144 aa mature protein, which contains 2 N‑glycosylation sites (1). Recombinant secreted MD‑2 has been found to exist as disulfide-linked dimers and oligomers (2).
Both MD-1 and MD-2 are accessory molecules that associate with the extracellular leucine-rich repeats (LRR) of Toll-like receptor (TLR) family members, which are type I transmembrane receptors that regulate innate immune responses to microbial pathogens (3, 4). MD-1 binds to RP105 on B cells and macrophages to form the signaling receptor complex for lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Similarly, MD-2 interacts with TLR-4 to form the heteromeric receptor that confers LPS responsiveness. MD-2 also associates with TLR-2, albeit with less avidity, to confer responsiveness to cell wall components from both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. MD-1 and MD-2 are also required for the correct targeting of the TLRs to the cell surface. Although MD-2 glycosylation is not crucial for its surface expression and interaction with TLR-4, it is required for LPS binding and signaling (5).
References:
Shimazu, R. et al. (1999) J. Exp. Med. 189:1777.
Visintin, A. et al. (2001) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:12156.
Nagai, Y. et al. (2002) Nature Immunology 3:667.
Akashi, S. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 198:1035.
Correia, J. and R. Ulevitch (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:1845.
Long Name:
Myeloid Differentiation Protein 2/Lymphocyte Antigen 96
Entrez Gene IDs:
23643 (Human)
Alternate Names:
ESOP1; ESOP-1; LY96; ly-96; lymphocyte antigen 96; MD2; MD-2; myeloid differentiation protein-2; Protein MD-2
