Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-KIR2DL4 antibody induced IFN-gamma secretion by NK‑92 human natural killer lymphoma cells. The ED 50 for this effect is 0.3-1 µg/mL in the presence of 1 µg/mL of immobilized mouse anti-hKIR2DL4 antibody (Catalog # MAB2238).
Source
Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived
Human KIR2DL4
(His24 - His242)
Accession # Q99706IEGRMD Human IgG1
(Pro100 - Lys330)N-terminus C-terminus Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
AnalysisHis24
Predicted Molecular Mass
24.4 kDa (monomer)
SDS-PAGE
65 kDa, reducing conditions
2238-KR |
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Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. | ||
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. | ||
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | ||
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Background: KIR2DL4/CD158d
KIR2DL4 (also known as 2DL4, p49, CD158d, KIR103) is a type I transmembrane protein of the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family expressed on NK and subsets of gamma δT and memory/effector alpha beta T cells. KIR2DL4 is a unique KIR (1 - 3); alleles are not clonally restricted but are expressed codominantly (4) in all activated NK cells and constitutively on CD56hi NK cells. KIR members with two Ig-like domains (2D) usually express domains D1 and D2, but KIR2DL4 expresses D0 and D2. Other long-tailed (L) KIR have two cytoplasmic inhibitory signaling domains (ITIM), but KIR2DL4 has one ITIM and also exhibits characteristics of activating KIR (2). An arginine within the transmembrane sequence of KIR2DL4 interacts with the signaling molecule Fc epsilon RI-gamma, while in activating KIR, a transmembrane lysine interacts with DAP12 (1, 5). The KIR2DL4 gene is highly polymorphic. Seven splice variants missing one or more exons have been identified, but it is not clear whether these are expressed. Several of the nine alleles identified encode a frameshift creating a prematurely truncated protein. It is estimated that up to 25% of humans do not express KIR2DL4 capable of reaching the cell surface (1, 7, 10). Human KIR2DL4 is 65 - 83% amino acid identical to other primates. KIR receptors have no structural orthologs in non-primates, although mouse Ly49 proteins are functional orthologs. Cross-linking of KIR2DL4 induces NK cells to produce IFN-gamma (6, 7); stimulation with IL-2 upregulates cell surface expression on CD56dim cells and allows cytotoxicity (7). Although a role in immune privilege of the fetus has been suggested due to reported recognition of fetal trophoblast HLA-G by KIR2DL4 in the maternal decidua (11), subsequent data have not supported this recognition (1, 9).
References:
Lanier, L.L. (2005) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23:225.
Faure, M. and E.O. Long (2002) J. Immunol. 168:6208.
Selvakumar, A. et al. (1996) Tissue Antigens 48:285.
Chan, H.-W. et al. (2003) J. Exp. Med. 197:245.
Kikuchi-Maki, A. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 174:3859.
Rajagopalan, S. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1877.
Kikuchi-Maki, A. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 171:3415.
Gedil, M.A. et al. (2005) Tissue Antigens 65:402.
Witt, C.S. et al. (2002) Eur. J. Immunol. 32:18.
Goodridge, J.P. et al. (2003) J. Immunol. 171:1768.
Ponte, M. et al. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:5674.
Long Name:
Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor, Two Domain Long Cytoplasmic Tail, 4
Entrez Gene IDs:
3805 (Human)
Alternate Names:
103AS; 15.212; CD158 antigen-like family member D; CD158d antigen; CD158d; CD158DKIR103ASKiller cell inhibitory receptor 103AS; G9P; killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL4; killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, two domains, long cytoplasmic tail, 4; killer Ig receptor; KIR103; KIR-103AS; KIR2DL4; MHC class I NK cell receptor KIR103AS; natural killer cell inhibitory receptor; NK cell receptor
