Purity
>90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Endotoxin Level
<0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by the ability of the immobilized protein to induce pro-MMP-9 secretion by NHLF human normal lung fibroblasts The ED 50 for this effect is 2.5-10 µg/mL.
Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.Source
Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived
Human Osteoactivin
(Lys23 - Asn486)
Accession #NP_002501IEGRMD Human IgG1
(Pro100 - Lys330)N-terminus C-terminus Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
AnalysisLys23
Structure / Form
Disulfide-linked homodimer
Predicted Molecular Mass
78.6 kDa (monomer)
SDS-PAGE
115-125 kDa, reducing conditions
2550-AC |
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Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. | ||
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile PBS. | ||
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | ||
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Background: Osteoactivin/GPNMB
Osteoactivin (also GPNMB and DC-HIL) is a variably glycosylated 75 - 125 kDa member of the NMB/pMEL-17 family of molecules. It is found in multiple subcellular sites, but is most often associated with the endosomal/lysosomal compartment (1, 2, 3). Human Osteoactivin is a 560 amino acid (aa) type I transmembrane protein. Its precursor contains a 21 aa signal sequence, a 465 aa luminal/extracellular domain, a 21 aa transmembrane segment and a 53 aa cytoplasmic tail (4, 5). The luminal region contains an N-terminal heparin-binding motif (aa 23 - 26), multiple glycosylation sites, an RGD motif (aa 64 - 66) and an 88 aa PKD domain (aa 240 - 327). The intracellular tail has an ITAM (Y-x-x-I) and lysosomal targeting (L-L) motif (4, 5). The extracellular/luminal region shares 74% and 77% aa identity with the equivalent regions in mouse and canine, respectively. Multiple isoforms would appear to exist. There is one alternate splice form known that shows a 12 aa insert between aa 339 - 340 (6). An addtional 206 aa isoform shows a mutation at position # 181 that results in a 26 aa substitution for the C-terminal 380 amino acids (7, 8). This has the potential to be soluble and may represent a counterpart to a secreted isoform of rat Osteoactivin (9). Cells known to express Osteoactivin include macrophages/Kupffer cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, myeloid dendritic cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells and melanocytes, plus fetal chondrocytes and stratum basale keratinocytes (3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12). In mice, Osteoactivin is reported to bind to heparan sulfate-proteoglycan, possibly on the surface of endothelial cells and may also interact with integrins (13). It also appears to act as an inflammatory suppressor gene, as its expression downregulates the macrophage inflammatory response by inhibiting IL-6 and IL-12p40 production (3).
References:
Bachner, D. et al. (2002) Gene Exp. Patterns 1:159.
Safadi, F.F. et al. (2002) J. Cell. Biochem. 84:12.
Ripoll, V.M. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:6557.
Owen, T.A. et al. (2003) Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr. 13:205.
Weterman, M.A.J. et al. (1995) Int. J. Cancer 60:73.
Kuan, C-T. et al. (2006) Clin. Cancer Res. 12:1970.
Lennerz, V. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102:16013.
Genbank Accession # AAH11595.
Abdelmagid, S.M. et al. (2007) J. Cell. Physiol. 210:26.
Haralanova-Ilieva, B. et al. (2005) J. Hepatol. 42:565.
Ahn, J.H. et al. (2002) Blood 100:1742.
Anderson, M.G. et al. (2002) Nat. Genet. 30:81.
Shikano, S. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:8125.
Long Name:
Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Melanoma Protein B
Entrez Gene IDs:
10457 (Human); 93695 (Mouse)
Alternate Names:
DC-HIL; glycoprotein (transmembrane) nmb; glycoprotein NMB; GPNMB; HGFIN; HGFINglycoprotein nmb-like protein; NMBosteoactivin; Osteoactivin; Transmembrane glycoprotein HGFIN; transmembrane glycoprotein NMB
