Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to inhibit Lymphotoxin alpha 1/ beta 2-induced IL-8 secretion in A375 human melanoma cells. Degli-Esposti, M. et al. (1997) J. Immunol. 158:1756. The ED 50 for this effect is 0.15-0.9 μg/mL.
Source
Mouse myeloma cell line, NS0-derived
Rat Lymphotoxin beta R
(Gln29-Met222)
Accession # NP_001008316IEGRMDP Mouse IgG2a
(Glu98-Lys330)N-terminus C-terminus N-terminal Sequence
AnalysisNo results obtained. Gln29 predicted
Structure / Form
Disulfide-linked homodimer
Predicted Molecular Mass
49 kDa
SDS-PAGE
60-68 kDa, reducing conditions
8897-LR |
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Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. | ||
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS. | ||
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | ||
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Background: Lymphotoxin beta R/TNFRSF3
Lymphotoxin beta R (LT beta R; also called TNFRSF3, TNF RIII,or TNF Rrp) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein within the TNF receptor superfamily (1-3). The rat LT beta R cDNA encodes a 415 amino acid (aa) protein that includes a 30 aa signal peptide, a 191 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 23 aa transmembrane domain, and a 171 aa cytoplasmic domain. The ECD contains four cysteine-rich motifs characteristic of the TNF receptor superfamily (2). Within the ECD, rat LT beta R shares 90% and 66% aa sequence identity with the ECD of mouse and human LT beta R, respectively. Soluble LT beta R, which can be formed by proteolytic cleavage of the ECD, functions as a decoy receptor for LT beta R ligands and is involved in the suppression of autoimmunity (4, 5). LT beta R is constitutively expressed in cells of myeloid lineage and is upregulated during tissue regeneration (6). It is expressed on mesenchymal stromal organizing cells that give rise to primary, secondary, and tertiary lymphoid structures (7-9). Mice deficient in LT beta R fail to form secondary lymphoid structures (4). LT beta R ligands include homotrimers of LIGHT/TNFSF14 and the heterotrimeric Lymphotoxin alpha 1/ beta 2 (2). Ligand engagement of LT beta R has been shown to induce NF kappa B activation through canonical (IKK) or alternative (NIK/RelB) signaling pathways (5, 10). LT beta R signaling induces production of cytokines (TRANCE/RANK Ligand/TNFSF11, IL-7), chemokines (CXCL8/IL-8, CXCL13/BCL/BCA-1, CCL19/MIP-3 beta, CCL21/6Ckine, CCL2/MCP-1), and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1/CD106, ICAM-1/CD54, MAdCAM) (8, 11). LT beta R is involved in lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and intestinal epithelial homeostasis (4, 12, 13). It also regulates cell growth and can initiate inflammation-related carcinogenesis (5, 14).
References:
Force, W.R. et al. (1995) J. Immunol. 155:5280.
Remouchamps, C. et al. (2011) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 22:301.
Crowe, P.D. et al. (1994) Science 264:707.
Tumanov, A.V. et al. (2007) Curr. Mol. Med. 7:567.
Wolf, M.J. et al. (2010) Oncogene 29:5006.
Ware, C.F. (2005) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 23:787.
Boulianne, B. et al. (2012) Front. Immunol. 3:243.
Mouri, Y. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:5047.
van de Pavert, S.A. and R.E. Mebius (2010) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10:664.
Bista, P. et al. (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285:12971.
Mikami, Y. et al. (2014) PLoS One 9:e114791.
Macho-Fernandez, E. et al. (2015) Mucosal Immunol. 8:403.
Browning, J.L. (2012) Mucosal Immunol. 5:228.
Haybaeck, J. et al. (2009) Cancer Cell 16:295.
Long Name:
Lymphotoxin beta Receptor
Entrez Gene IDs:
4055 (Human); 17000 (Mouse); 297604 (Rat)
Alternate Names:
CD18; D12S370; ltbetar; LT-BETA-R; LTBR; lymphotoxin B receptor; Lymphotoxin beta R; lymphotoxin beta receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 3); Lymphotoxin-beta receptor; LymphotoxinbR; TNF RIII; TNF Rrp; TNFCRTNF-RIII; TNFR superfamily, member 3; TNFR2-RP; TNFR3; TNF-R-III; TNFR-RP; TNFRSF3; TNFRSF3TNFR-III; Tumor necrosis factor C receptor; Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2-related protein; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 3; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 3; Tumor necrosis factor receptor type III
