Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Serially diluted Recombinant Human (rh) VEGF 165b is added to a Recombinant Human VEGF R2/KDR/Flk‑1 Fc Chimera (Catalog # ) coated plate (2 μg/mL, 100 μL/well). Bound rhVEGF 165b is detected by a human VEGF 165b specific antibody (Catalog # ). The concentration of rhVEGF 165b that produces half-maximum response is approximately 0.12-0.6 nM.
Source
Spodoptera frugiperda, Sf 21 (stably transfected)-derived Ala27-Asp191
Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
AnalysisAla27
Structure / Form
Disulfide-linked homodimer
Predicted Molecular Mass
19.1 kDa (monomer)
SDS-PAGE
20-21 kDa, reducing conditions
Carrier Free
What does CF mean?
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
What formulation is right for me?
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
3045-VE |
| 3045-VE/CF |
Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein. | Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. | |
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. | Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in PBS. | |
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | |
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
| Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Background: VEGF
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult (1-3). It is a member of the PDGF family that is characterized by the presence of eight conserved cysteine residues and a cystine knot structure (4). Humans express two sets of alternately spliced isoforms of 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acids (aa) in length (4). VEGF165 appears to be the most abundant and potent of the angiogenic isoform set, followed by VEGF121 and VEGF189 (3, 4). The anti-angiogenic or “b” set of isoforms is differentially spliced to contain six alternate amino acids at the C-terminus, and are the more highly expressed isoforms in normal adult tissue (5). VEGF165b, like VEGF121 but unlike most angiogenic isoforms, does not bind heparins and is therefore diffusible (4, 6). Human VEGF165b shares 88% aa sequence identity with corresponding regions of mouse and rat, 96% with porcine, 95% with canine, and 93% with feline, equine and bovine VEGF165b, respectively. VEGFs bind the type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF R1 (also called Flt-1) and VEGF R2 (Flk-1/KDR) on endothelial cells (4). Although VEGF affinity is highest for binding to VEGF R1, VEGF R2 appears to be the primary mediator of VEGF angiogenic activity (3, 4). The affinity of VEGF165b for VEGF R2 is similar to that of VEGF165, but VEGF165b only partially activates VEGF R2 such that the kinase regulatory site Y1054 is not phosphorylated (6). VEGF165b also does not bind neuropilin-1, suggesting that the functional difference between VEGF165 and VEGF165b maybe due to either the lack of neuropilin-1 co-signaling or unique downstream signaling activated by VEGF165b (8). Since VEGF165b may compete with angiogenic VEGFs for VEGF R2 sites, its ectopic expression in tumors has been shown to inhibit their growth (7).
References:
Leung, D.W. et al. (1989) Science 246:1306.
Keck, P.J. et al. (1989) Science 246:1309.
Byrne, A.M. et al. (2005) J. Cell. Mol. Med. 9:777.
Robinson, C.J. and S.E. Stringer (2001) J. Cell. Sci. 114:853.
Nowak, D.G. et al. (2008) J. Cell Sci. 121:3487.
Kawamura, H. et al. (2008) Cancer Res. 68:4683.
Rennel, E.S. et al. (2008) Br. J. Cancer 98:1250.
Harper S.J. and Bates D.O. (2008) Nat. Rev. Cancer 8(11):880.
Long Name:
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
Entrez Gene IDs:
7422 (Human); 22339 (Mouse); 83785 (Rat); 281572 (Bovine); 403802 (Canine); 493845 (Feline); 30682 (Zebrafish)
Alternate Names:
MVCD1; VAS; vascular endothelial growth factor A; Vascular permeability factor; Vasculotropin; VEGF; VEGFA; VEGF-A; VEGFMGC70609; VPF; VPFvascular endothelial growth factor
