Purity
>95%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.
Endotoxin Level
<0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to inhibit anti-CD3-induced proliferation of stimulated human T cells. The ED 50 for this effect is 0.15-0.75 μg/mL.
Source
Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived
Human TIM-4
(Glu25-Gln314)
Accession # Q96H15IEGRMD Human IgG1
(Pro100-Lys330)N-terminus C-terminus Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
AnalysisGlu25
Predicted Molecular Mass
58 kDa
SDS-PAGE
95-113 kDa, reducing conditions
9300-TM |
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Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS. | ||
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 500 μg/mL in PBS. | ||
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | ||
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
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Data Images
Bioactivity
| Recombinant Human TIM-4 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 9300-TM)inhibits anti-CD3-induced proliferation of human T cells. The ED50 for thiseffect is 0.15-0.75 μg/mL. |
Background: TIM-4
TIM-4 (T cell; immunoglobulin; mucin-4), also known as SMUCKLER, is a 60 kDa member of the TIM family of immune regulating proteins. TIMs are type I transmembrane proteins with one Ig-like V domain and one Ser/Thr-rich mucin domain (1). Mature human TIM-4 consists of a 290 aa extracellular domain (ECD), a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 43 aa cytoplasmic tail (2). Structurally, TIM-4 is distinguished from other TIMs by the presence of an RGD motif in its Ig domain and the lack of a site for tyrosine phosphorylation in its cytoplasmic tail. Within the ECD human TIM-4 shares 45% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat TIM-4. TIM-4 is expressed by macrophages and mature dendritic cells but not by lymphocytes (2, 3). It binds specifically to TIM-1 which is also the cellular receptor for hepatitis A virus and has been implicated in the development of asthma (3-5). Among hematopoietic cells, TIM-1 is expressed on activated B and T cells, preferentially in the Th2 subset of CD4 + T cells (3, 6). The interaction of TIM-4 with TIM-1 induces co-stimulatory and hyperproliferative signals in T cells (3). TIM-4 also binds to phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of apoptotic cells (7). It enhances the clearance of apoptotic cells including T cells in the contraction phase of immune responses, apoptotic macrophages that accumulate in atherosclerosis, and dying neurons in the brain (7-10). TIM-4 is upregulated on some tumor cells and tumor-associated myeloid cells where it binds Integrin alpha V beta 3, contributes to tumor progression, and inhibits tumor-specific cellular immunity (11, 12).
References:
Fang, X.Y. et al. (2015) Autoimmunity 48:189.
Shakhov, A.N. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Immunol. 34:494.
Meyers, J.H. et al. (2005) Nat. Immunol. 6:455.
Feigelstock, D. et al. (1998) J. Virol. 72:6621.
McIntire, J.J. et al. (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:1109.
Khademi, M. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 172:7169.
Kobayashi, N. et al. (2007) Immunity 27:927.
Albacker, L.A. et al. (2010) J. Immunol. 185:6839.
Mazaheri, F. et al. (2014) Nat. Commun. 5:4046.
Foks, A.C. et al. (2016) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 36:456.
Zhang, Q. et al. (2015) Br. J. Cancer 113:1484.
Baghdadi, M. et al. (2013) Immunity 39:1070.
Long Name:
T Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin-4
Entrez Gene IDs:
91937 (Human); 276891 (Mouse); 102140672 (Cynomolgus Monkey)
Alternate Names:
FLJ27515; Smuckler; T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4; T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 4; T-cell membrane protein 4; TIM4; TIM-4; TIMD4; TIMD-4
