Purity
>90%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain
Endotoxin Level
<0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.
Activity
Measured by its ability to inhibit BMP-4-induced activity in MC3T3‑E1 mouse preosteoblast cells. The ED 50 for this effect is 0.6-3 µg/mL in the presence of 50 ng/mL of Recombinant Human BMP‑4 (Catalog # ).
Source
E. coli-derived Arg24-Leu185
Accession #
N-terminal Sequence
AnalysisArg24
Structure / Form
Disulfide-linked homodimer
Predicted Molecular Mass
17.3 kDa (monomer)
Carrier Free
What does CF mean?
CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.
What formulation is right for me?
In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.
3356-CC/CF |
| 3356-CC |
Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA. | Formulation Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in Acetonitrile and TFA with BSA as a carrier protein. | |
Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl. | Reconstitution Reconstitute at 100 μg/mL in sterile 4 mM HCl containing at least 0.1% human or bovine serum albumin. | |
Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | Shipping The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. | |
Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
| Stability & Storage: Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
|
Background: COCO
COCO, also known as DAND5, Dante, and CKTSF1B3, is a member of the DAN domain family of BMP antagonists that includes DAN (DAND1), Gremlin/Drm (DAND2), PRDC (Protein Related to Dan and Cerberus; DAND3), and Cerberus (DAND4). DAN family members contain a cysteine knot domain that is homologous to that found in other TGF-beta superfamily ligands such as BMPs that play important roles in tissue morphogenesis and developmental processes (1-6). The mouse COCO cDNA encodes a 185 amino acid (aa) precursor with a 23 aa signal sequence (7, 8). COCO has eight Cys residues in the cysteine knot which places it in the CAN (or eight-membered ring) subfamily of BMP antagonists along with the other DAN family proteins (1). Mature mouse COCO shares 62% and 27% aa sequence identity with human and Xenopus COCO, respectively. It shares 22%-27% aa sequence identity with mouse DAN, Gremlin, PRDC, and Cerberus. In Xenopus embryos, COCO is expressed by pluripotent ectodermal cells. Expression is abruptly downregulated prior to gastrulation, and the loss of ectodermal cell pluripotency is coincident with COCO downregulation (7). COCO is required for Xenopus left-right axis formation (9). It functions predominantly on the right side of the embryo, although it is equally expressed on both left and right sides (9). COCO binds and inhibits activin, BMP-4, GDF-3/derrière, Wnt8, and Xnr1 (7, 9). In mouse, COCO expression is elevated on the right side of Henson’s node at the early somite stage, in contrast to the left side expression of Nodal (8).
References:
Avsian-Kretchmer, O. and A.J.W. Hsueh (2004) Mol. Endocrinol. 18:1.
Katoh, M. and M. Katoh (2004) Oncol. Rep. 12:423.
Katoh, M. and M. Katoh (2005) Int. J. Mol. Med. 15:885.
Baron, M.H. (2005) Exp. Hematol. 33:1015.
Kishigami, S. and Y. Mishina (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:265.
De Robertis, E.M. and H. Koruda (2004) Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 20:285.
Bell, E. et al. (2003) Development 130:1381.
Pearce, J.J. et al. (1999) Dev. Biol. 209:98.
Vonica, A. and A.H. Brivanlou (2007) Dev. Biol. 303:281.
Entrez Gene IDs:
199699 (Human); 23863 (Mouse); 685719 (Rat)
Alternate Names:
CER2CRL2; Cerberus 2; Cerberus like-2; cerberus-like 2; Cerberus-like protein 2; CERL2; cerl-2; CKTSF1B3; CKTSF1B3MGC126849; COCO; Cysteine knot superfamily 1, BMP antagonist 3; DAN domain family member 5; DAN domain family, member 5; DAND5; Dante; DTE; FLJ38607; GREM3; GREM3cerberus 2; gremlin-3; SP1
