• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by Colloidal Coomassie® Blue stain

• Activity

  The lysine residue utilized for Ubiquitin chain formation is functionally important. Ubiquitin lysine to arginine mutants are ideal for investigating biological processes involving a particular Ubiquitin chain linkage. Recombinant Human Ubiquitin Mutant K48R/K63R prevents the formation of K48- and K63-linked Ubiquitin chains. Reaction conditions will need to be optimized for each specific application. We recommend an initial Recombinant Human Ubiquitin Mutant K48R/K63R concentration of 0.2-1 mM.

• Source

  E. coli-derived

• Accession #

Background: Ubiquitin

Ubiquitin is a 76 amino acid (aa) protein that is ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic organisms. Ubiquitin is highly conserved with 96% aa sequence identity shared between human and yeast Ubiquitin, and 100% aa sequence identity shared between human and mouse Ubiquitin. In mammals, four Ubiquitin genes encode for two Ubiquitin-ribosomal fusion proteins and two poly-Ubiquitin proteins. Cleavage of the Ubiquitin precursors by deubiquitinating enzymes gives rise to identical Ubiquitin monomers each with a predicted molecular weight of 8.6 kDa. Conjugation of Ubiquitin to target proteins involves the formation of an isopeptide bond between the C-terminal glycine residue of Ubiquitin and a lysine residue in the target protein. This process of conjugation, referred to as ubiquitination or ubiquitylation, is a multi-step process that requires three enzymes: a Ubiquitin-activating (E1) enzyme, a Ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzyme, and a Ubiquitin ligase (E3). Ubiquitination is classically recognized as a mechanism to target proteins for degradation and as a result, Ubiquitin was originally named ATP-dependent Proteolysis Factor 1 (APF-1). In addition to protein degradation, ubiquitination has been shown to mediate a variety of biological processes such as signal transduction, endocytosis, and post-endocytic sorting.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  7314 (Human); 298693 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  RPS27A; UBA52; UBB ubiquitin B; UBB; UBC; Ubiquitin