• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human Progranulin/PGRN in direct ELISAs.

• Source

  Monoclonal Mouse IgG    _2A Clone # 296605

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant human Progranulin/PGRN    
  Met1-Leu593    
  Accession # P28799

• Formulation

  Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

• Label

  Unconjugated

Applications

• Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Western Blot

  2 µg/mL

  See below

• 
  

• Immunohistochemistry

  5-25 µg/mL

  See below

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Reconstitution

  Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

• Shipping

  The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

• Stability & Storage

  Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.

• 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

• 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Progranulin/PGRN

Progranulin, also known as Acrogranin, PC Cell-derived Growth Factor (PCDGF) and Epithelin/Granulin Precursor, is a ubiquitously expressed, 88 kDa, secreted glycoprotein (1‑3). Structurally, it does not belong to any of the well-established growth factor families (4). Human Progranulin is 593 amino acids (aa) in length and contains a 17 aa signal sequence and 5 potential sites for N-linked glycosylation (Swiss Prot # P28799). It has a highly repetitive organization, containing seven tandem copies of a 55-57 aa consensus motif that contains 12 conserved cysteine residues: VXCX5-6CX5CCX8CCX6CCXDX2HCCPX4CX5-6CX2 (1). There is one alternate splice form for human Progranulin. This has a deletion of aa corresponding to aa 377-531 of the standard form. Progranulin is secreted as a full length form (2, 4), and may undergo proteolysis leading to the release of numerous peptides made from the seven tandem repeats, called the granulins (5-7). Human Progranulin shares 75% aa sequence identity with mouse and rat Progranulin. Progranulin is involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, as well as differentiation, development, and pathological processes (4). It has been isolated as a differentially expressed gene during mesothelial differentiation (8), macrophage development (9), the development of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis (10), sexual differentiation of the brain (11), and has also been shown to be a mediator of cartilage proliferation and of wound response and tissue repair (4, 12 13). High levels of Progranulin expression have been found to be associated with several human cancers and are believed to contribute to tumorigenesis in breast cancer, clear cell renal carcinoma, invasive ovarian carcinoma, glioblastoma, adipocyte teratoma, and multiple myeloma (4-5, 12, 14-19). In addition, mutations in the Progranulin gene are a cause of frontotemporal dementia, and increased expression of Progranulin is seen in activated microglia in many neurodegenerative diseases including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, motor neuron disease and Alzheimer's disease (20). Mutations in Progranulin causing neurodegenerative disease indicate that Progranulin is important for neuronal survival (20).

• References:

1. Plowman, G.D. et al. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267:13073.

2. Zhou, J. et al. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268:10863.

3. Liu, Y. et al. (2007) BMC Cancer 7:22.

4. Xu, K. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:11347.

5. Davidson, B. et al. (2004) Cancer 100:2139.

6. Zanocco-Marani, T. et al. (1999) Cancer Res. 59:5331.

7. Lu, R. and G. Serrero (2000) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97:3993.

8. Sun, X. et al. (2004) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 30:510.

9. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:727.

10. Justen, H.P. et al. (2000) Mol. Cell Biol. Res. Commun. 3:165.

11. Suzuki, M. and M. Nishiahara (2002) Mol. Genet. Metab. 75:31.

12. He, Z. et al. (2003) Nat. Med. 9:225.

13. Zhu, J. et al. (2002) Cell 111:867.

14. He, Z. and A. Bateman (2003) J. Mol. Med. 81:600.

15. Bateman, A. et al. (1990) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 173:1161.

16. Gonzalez, E.M. et al. (2003) J. Biol. Chem. 278:38113.

17. Jones, M.B. et al. (2003) Gynecol. Oncol. 88:S136.

18. Wang, W. et al. (2003) Clin. Cancer Res. 9:2221.

19. Zhang, H. and G. Serrero (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:14202.

20. Baker, M. et al. (2006) Nature 442:916.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  2896 (Human); 14824 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  Acrogranin; GEP; GP88; GRN; PCDGF; PEPI; PGRN; Proepithelin; Progranulin