• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human Integrin alpha 2/CD49b.

• Source

  Monoclonal Mouse IgG    _2A Clone # HAS3

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  Human keratinocytes

• Formulation

  Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with BSA as a carrier protein.

• Label

  Biotin

Applications

• Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Flow Cytometry

  2.5 µg/10    ⁶ cells

  HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line

• 
  

• Immunoprecipitation

  Tenchini, M.L.     et al. (1993) Cell Adhesion Communication     1:55.

• 
  

• Immunocytochemistry

  8-25 µg/mL

  Immersion fixed HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

• Reconstitution

  Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

• Shipping

  The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

• Stability & Storage

  Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.

• 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

• 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Integrin alpha 2/CD49b

Integrin alpha 2 is one of twelve integrin family alpha subunits that share the beta 1 subunit (1‑3). Integrin alpha 2 beta 1 is the non-covalent heterodimer of 160 kDa alpha 2 (CD49b) and 130 kDa beta 1 (CD29) type I transmembrane glycoprotein subunits and is one of six very late antigens on activated T cells, designated VLA2 (3). The alpha 2 extracellular domain (ECD) contains an I (inserted) domain which includes the ligand binding site (2, 3). The beta 1 ECD contains a vWFA domain, which participates in binding. Each subunit then has a transmembrane sequence and a short cytoplasmic tail. The dimer is folded when it is least active. Divalent cations and intracellular (inside-out) signaling convert it to its most active, extended and open conformation (1, 2). The 1102 amino acid (aa) human alpha 2 extracellular domain (ECD) shares 83‑89% aa sequence identity with mouse, rat, canine, bovine and equine alpha 2. The I domain-containing beta 1 integrins ( alpha 1 beta 1, alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 10 beta 1 and alpha 11 beta 1) all bind collagens, with alpha 2 beta 1 preferring collagens I‑III (4, 5). Platelet alpha 2 beta 1, also called GPIa, cooperates with another adhesion protein, GPVI, to coordinate platelet collagen binding and activation (3, 6, 7). Other alpha 2 beta 1 ligands include laminin, decorin, E-cadherin, and collagen-like regions of collectin molecules such as C1q (4). Adhesion is synergized by crosstalk with syndecan-1 or HGF R/c-Met, and antagonized by crosstalk with Integrin alpha 1 beta 1 (8‑10). In addition to expression on selected hematopoietic cells, alpha 2 beta 1 is present on a wide variety of non-hematopoietic cells (4). Mice deficient in the alpha 2 subunit have defects in innate immune responses, wound mast cell infiltration and angiogenesis, and platelet responses to collagen (6, 11, 12). In innate immunity, alpha 2 beta 1 binding to C1q initiates the complement cascade and costimulates mast cell activation, triggering neutrophil influx (4, 12).

• References:

1. Takada, Y. et al. (2007) Genome Biol. 8:215.

2. Luo, B-H. et al. (2007) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 25:619.

3. Takada, Y. and M.E. Hemler (1989) J. Cell Biol. 109:397.

4. Zutter, M.M. and B.T Edelson (2007) Immunobiology 212:343.

5. McCall-Culbreath, K.D. and M.M. Zutter (2008) Curr. Drug Targets 9:139.

6. Sarratt, K.L. et al. (2005) Blood 106:1268.

7. Lecut, C. et al. (2005) Thromb. Haemost. 94:107.

8. Vuoriluoto, K. et al. (2008) Exp. Cell Res. 314:3369.

9. McCall-Culbreath, K.D. et al. (2008) Blood 111:3562.

10. Abair, T.D. et al. (2008) Exp. Cell Res. 314:3593.

11. Zweers, M. et al. (2006) J. Invest. Dermatol. 127:467.

12. Edelson, B.T. et al. 2006) Blood 107:143.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  3673 (Human); 16398 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  alpha-2 subunit; CD49b antigen; CD49b; Integrin alpha 2; integrin, alpha 2 (CD49B, alpha 2 subunit of VLA-2 receptor); ITGA2; VLA 2; VLA-2 alpha