• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human VAP‑1/AOC3 in direct ELISAs. In direct ELISAs, no cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse VAP‑1 is observed.

• Source

  Monoclonal Mouse IgG2a Clone # 393106

• Immunogen

  S. frugiperda insect ovarian cell line     Sf 21-derived recombinant human VAP‑1/AOC3    
  Gly27-Asn763    
  Accession # Q16853

• Formulation

  Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

• Label

  Alexa Fluor 750

Applications

• Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Intracellular Staining by Flow Cytometry

  0.25-1 µg/10    ⁶ cells

  HUVEC human umbilical vein endothelial cells fixed with paraformaldehyde and permeabilized with saponin

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

• Shipping

  The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

• Stability & Storage

  Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Background: VAP-1/AOC3

Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a copper amine oxidase with a topaquinone cofactor. VAP-1 is a Type II integral membrane protein, but a soluble form of the enzyme is present in human serum, and its level increases in diabetes and some inflammatory liver diseases (1, 2). VAP-1 catalyzes the oxidative deamination of small primary amines such as methylamine, benzylamine, and aminoacetone in a reaction that produces an aldehyde, ammonia, and H₂O₂ (3). The enzyme is sensitive to inhibition by semicarbazide. VAP-1 expression is highest in the endothelium of lung, heart, and intestine, but low in tissues such as brain, spleen, kidney, and liver (4). VAP-1 vascular expression is regulated at sites of inflammation through its release from intracellular granules in which the protein is stored (5). The adhesive function of VAP-1 has been demonstrated in studies showing that the protein is important for the adherence of certain lymphocyte subtypes to inflamed endothelial tissues (6). VAP-1 mediated adhesion is involved in the process of leukocyte extravasation, an important feature of inflammatory responses. The role of VAP-1 amine oxidase activity in this process is not fully defined, but it appears to be carbohydrate-dependent (7). VAP-1 is considered to be a therapeutic target for diabetes, oxidative stress, and inflammatory diseases (8).

• References:

1. Kurkijärvi, R. et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 161:1549.

2. Gearing, A.J.H. and W. Newman (1993) Immunol. Today 14:506.

3. Lizcano, J.M. et al. (1998) Biochem. J. 331:69.

4. Smith, D.J. et al. (1998) J. Exp. Med. 188:17.

5. Jaakkala K. et al. (2000) Am. J. Pathol. 157:463.

6. Salmi, M. and J. Jalkanen (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:211.

7. Salmi, M. and J. Jalkanen (1996) J. Exp. Med. 183:569.

8. Dunkel, P. et al. (2008) Curr. Med. Chem. 15:1827.

• Long Name:

  Vascular Adhesion Protein-1

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  8639 (Human); 11754 (Mouse); 29473 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  amine oxidase, copper containing 3 (vascular adhesion protein 1); AOC3; Copper amine oxidase; EC 1.4.3; HPAO; HPAOSSAO; Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase; SSAO; VAP1; VAP-1; VAP1EC 1.4.3.21; VAP-1membrane primary amine oxidase; Vascular adhesion protein 1