• Species Reactivity

  Porcine

• Specificity

  Detects porcine CD31/PECAM‑1 in direct ELISAs and Western blots. In direct ELISAs and Western blots, no cross-reactivity with recombinant human (rh) CD31, recombinant mouse (rm) CD31, rhVCAM-1, rhICAM-1, rhICAM-2, rhICAM-3, rmICAM-5, or rmMADCAM-1 is observed.

• Source

  Monoclonal Rat IgG1 Clone # 377537

• Immunogen

  Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant porcine CD31/PECAM‑1    
  Gln28-Lys602 (predicted)    
  Accession # Q95242

• Formulation

  Supplied 0.2 mg/mL in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

• Label

  Alexa Fluor 750

Applications

• Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Flow Cytometry

  0.25-1 µg/10    ⁶ cells

  Porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

• Shipping

  The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

• Stability & Storage

  Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.

Background: CD31/PECAM-1

CD31, also known as PECAM-1 (platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1), is a 130 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein adhesion molecule in the immunoglobulin superfamily (1, 2). Expression is restricted to the vascular system, especially endothelial cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocyte subsets. CD31 is concentrated at cell-cell junctions and is required for transendothelial migration (TEM) (1‑3). The extracellular domain (ECD) of CD31 has ten potential N-glycosylation sites and six C2-type Ig-like domains, the first of which is critical for adhesion and extravasation (3, 4). The cytoplasmic domain contains immunoregulatory tyrosine-based inhibitory and switch motifs (ITIM, ITSM) that mediate both inhibition and activation via phosphotyrosine-mediated engagement of SH2-containing signaling molecules (1, 5). Metalloproteinase-mediated ectodomain shedding occurs during apoptosis (6) but increased serum CD31 ectodomain in HIV and active multiple sclerosis occurs independent of apoptosis (7, 8). In humans, expression of six isoforms with exon deletions in the cytoplasmic domain is tissue‑ and stage-specific, but full-length CD31 is predominant. A form lacking the ITSM predominates in mouse (9). Porcine CD31 ECD shows 74%, 73%, 70%, 63% and 62% amino acid (aa) identity with bovine, canine, human, mouse and rat CD31, respectively. CD31 participates with other adhesion molecules for most functions but is the critical molecule for TEM. Homotypic CD31 adhesion in trans combined with cycling of CD31 to and from surface-connected endothelial cell vesicles leads leukocytes across endothelial tight junctions (3, 10). Homotypic adhesion and signaling functions also strongly suppress mitochondria-dependent apoptosis (11). In platelets, PECAM-1 is necessary for limiting thrombus formation (12) and promoting integrin-mediated clot retraction and platelet spreading (13), but mechanisms for these phenomena are unclear. CD31^-/- mice are deficient in chemokine-mediated chemotaxis (14).

• References:

1. Ilan, N. and J.A. Madri (2003) Curr Opin. Cell Biol. 15:515.

2. Nasu, K. et al. (1999) Transplantation 68:861.

3. Liao, F. et al. (1997) J. Exp. Med. 185:1349.

4. Nakada, M.T. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:452.

5. Chemnitz, J.M. et al. (2004) J. Immunol. 173:945.

6. Ilan, N. et al. (2001) FASEB J. 15:362.

7. Eugenin, E.A. et al. (2006)J. Leukoc. Biol. 79:444.

8. Losy, J. et al. (1999) 99:169.

9. Wang, Y. et al. (2003) Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 284:H1008.

10. Mamdouh, Z. et al. (2003) Nature 421:748.

11. Gao, C. et al. (2003) Blood 102:169.

12. Falati, S. et al. (2006) Blood 107:535.

13. Wee, J. L. and D.E. Jackson (2005) Blood 106:3816.

14. Wu, Y. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 175:3484.

• Long Name:

  Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  5175 (Human); 18613 (Mouse); 29583 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  adhesion molecule; CD31 antigen; CD31; CD31/EndoCAM; endoCAM; FLJ34100; FLJ58394; GPIIA'; PECA1; PECAM1; PECAM-1; PECAM-1, CD31/EndoCAM; platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule