• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cells. Kitamura, T.     et al. (1989) J. Cell Physiol.     140:323. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.25‑1.25 ng/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Ser2-Ala201

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Ser2

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  21 kDa

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: Cardiotrophin-1/CT-1

Cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) is a member of the cytokine family which also includes IL-6, IL-11, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin M (OSM), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). It was originally isolated based on its ability to induce cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in vitro. CT-1 has since been shown to be a pleiotrophic cytokine with overlapping actions with other IL-6 family members on a variety of cell types. Human CT-1 encodes a 201 amino acid (aa) residue protein that lacks a hydrophobic signal peptide. The mechanism of CT-1 release from cells is currently not understood. Human and mouse CT-1 share 80% aa sequence identity and exhibit cross-species activity. CT-1 is highly expressed in heart, skeletal muscle, liver, lung and kidney. Lower levels of CT-1 expression is also seen in testis and brain. CT-1 initiates downstream signaling pathways through the heterodimerization of gp130 and the LIF receptor beta subunit. A third  alpha receptor subunit has been implicated in the receptor complex.

• References:

1. Pennica, D. et al. (1996) Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews 7:81.

2. Robledo, O. et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272:4855.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  1489 (Human); 13019 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  cardiophin 1; cardiotrophin 1; Cardiotrophin1; Cardiotrophin-1; CT-1CT1; CTF1