• Purity

  >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to chemoattract THP‑1 human acute monocytic leukemia cells. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.2-0.6 µg/mL. Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with human CCR1. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.002-0.01 µg/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Gln22-Gln122

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Gln22

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  11.5 kDa

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: CCL9/10/MIP-1 gamma

Mouse CCL9/10 (also named MIP-1 gamma and MRP-2) is an 11 kDa, secreted, monomeric polypeptide that belongs to the beta (or CC) intercrine family of chemokines (1 - 3). Based on its activity and amino acid (aa) sequence, it is further classified as a member of the NC6 or six cysteine-containing CC subfamily of chemokines (2, 4, 5). This subfamily contains four N-terminally extended chemokines, two human (CCL15 and CCL23) and two mouse (CCL9 and CCL10). Within this subfamily, there are no human-to-rodent interspecies orthologs. Mouse CCL9/10 is synthesized as a 122 aa precursor that contains a 21 aa signal sequence and a 101 aa mature region with six cysteines. As noted, the mature region has an expanded N-terminus relative to other CC family members, and it forms a third intrachain disulfide bond with its two extra cysteines (3 - 7). Mouse CCL9/10 is 75% aa identical to rat CCL9/10 (8). Chemokines are known to undergo proteolytic processing to generate multiple isoforms. NC6 chemokines are usually only marginally active at full length, but are converted to highly active forms upon N-terminal truncation. Mature CCL9, in the presence of inflammatory fluids, is naturally truncated by 28, 29 or 30 aa at the N-terminus, generating a highly active, 8 kDa, 71 - 73 aa CCR1 ligand. In contrast, other CCR1 ligands, CCL3/MIP-1 alpha and CCL5/RANTES, lose their potency when proteolytically processed. CCL9/10 is constitutively secreted, and circulates as a full-length molecule. Any onset of inflammation with subsequent enzyme release may act on local NC6 chemokines, generating early, potent leukocyte chemoattractants (5, 7).

• References:

1. Zlotnik, A. and O. Yoshie (2000) Immunity 12:121.

2. Zlotnik, A. et al. (1999) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 19:1

3. Mohamadzadeh, M. et al. (1996) J. Immunol. 156:3102.

4. Haelens, A. et al. (1996) Immunobiology 195:499.

5. Berahovich, R.D. et al. (2005) J. Immunol. 174:7341.

6. Youn, B-S. et al. (1995) J. Immunol. 155:2661.

7. Poltorak, A.N. et al. (1995) J. Inflamm. 45:207.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  20308 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  CCF18; CCL9/10; MIP1 gamma; MIP-1 gamma