• Species Reactivity

  Mouse

• Specificity

  Detects mouse CCL4/MIP-1 beta in ELISAs. Does not cross-react with recombinant human (rh) CCL1, 2, 4/MIP-1 alpha, 4/MIP-1 beta, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, rmCCL1, 2, 4/MIP-1 alpha, 4/MIP-1 beta, 5, 6, 7, 9/10, 11, 12, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, or rrCCL20.

• Source

  Monoclonal Rat IgG    _2A Clone # 46907

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  E. coli-derived recombinant mouse CCL4/MIP-1 beta    
  Ala24-Asn92    
  Accession # Q5QNV9

• Formulation

  Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.  

• Label

  Unconjugated

Applications

• Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Neutralization

  Measured by its ability to neutralize CCL4/MIP‑1 beta -induced chemotaxis in the BaF3 mouse pro‑B cell line transfected with human CCR5. The Neutralization Dose (ND    ₅₀) is typically 1-3 µg/mL in the presence of 25 ng/mL Recombinant Mouse CCL4/MIP‑1 beta.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Reconstitution

  Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

• Shipping

  The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

• Stability & Storage

  Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.

• 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

• 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: CCL4/MIP-1 beta

CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta ), is a 12 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). CCL4 attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammation such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium (3-8). A CCL4 deficiency in mice promotes the development of autoantibodies, possibly as a result of compromised regulatory T cell recruitment (6). CCL4 is secreted from activated monocytes as a heterodimer with CCL3/MIP-1 alpha (9). The first two N-terminal amino acids can be cleaved from human CCL4 by CD26/DPPIV (10, 11). Both the full length and truncated forms exert biological activity through CCR5, and the truncated form additionally interacts with CCR1 and CCR2 (10). In humans, the ability of CCL4 to bind CCR5 inhibits the cellular entry of M-tropic HIV-1 which utilizes CCR5 as a co-receptor (2). Both forms of CCL4 block HIV-1 infection of T cells by inducing the downregulation of CCR5 (10). Mature mouse CCL4 shares 77% and 86% amino acid sequence identity with human and rat CCL4, respectively.

• References:

1. Rot, A. and U.H. von Andrian (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:891.

2. Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455.

3. Sun, X. et al. (2006) Infec. Immun. 74:5943.

4. Bisset, L.R. and Schmid-Grendelmeier, P. (2005) Curr. Opin. Pulm. Med. 11:35.

5. Frangogiannis, N.G. (2004) Inflamm. Res. 53:585.

6. Bystry, R.S. et al. (2001) Nat. Immunol. 2:1126.

7. Oliveira, S.H.P. et al. (2002) J. Leukoc. Biol. 71:1019.

8. Schall, T.J. et al. (1993) J. Exp. Med. 177:1821.

9. Guan, E. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:12404.

10. Guan, E. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:32348.

11. Guan, E. et al. (2004) J. Cell. Biochem. 92:53.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  6351 (Human); 20303 (Mouse); 116637 (Rat); 448786 (Canine)

• Alternate Names:

  ACT2; ACT-2; AT744.1; C-C motif chemokine 4; CCL4; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4; Exodus-3; G-26 T-lymphocyte-secreted protein; G-26; HC21; LAG1; LAG-1; Lymphocyte activation gene 1 protein; Macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta; MIP1 beta; MIP-1 beta; MIP1B; MIP1B1; MIP-1-beta; MIP-1-beta(1-69); PAT 744; Protein H400; SCYA2; SCYA4; secreted protein G-26; SIS-gamma; small inducible cytokine A4 (homologous to mouse Mip-1b); Small-inducible cytokine A4; T-cell activation protein 2