• Species Reactivity

  Rat

• Specificity

  Detects rat CCL3/MIP-1 alpha in direct ELISAs. In direct ELISAs, less than 50% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse and cotton rat CCL3/MIP-1 alpha is observed, and no cross-reactivity with recombinant human, canine, and HHV CCL3/MIP-1 alpha, recombinant rat CCL4/MIP-1 beta, or recombinant mouse CCL5/RANTES is observed.

• Source

  Monoclonal Mouse IgG    _2B Clone # 769303

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  E. coli-derived recombinant rat CCL3/MIP-1 alpha    
  Ala24-Ala92    
  Accession # P50229

• Formulation

  Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

• Label

  Unconjugated

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Immunohistochemistry

  8-25 µg/mL

  See below

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Reconstitution

  Sterile PBS to a final concentration of 0.5 mg/mL.

• Shipping

  The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

• Stability & Storage

  Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.

• 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

• 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: CCL3/MIP-1 alpha

CCL3, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha ) and LD78, is a member of the beta or CC subfamily of chemokines and is closely related to CCL4/MIP-1 beta. Chemokines comprise a large family of small secreted proteins that are involved in immune and inflammatory responses. CCL3 expression can be induced in a variety of hematopoietic cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and epithelial cells (1). Mature rat CCL3 shares 74%, 91%, and 88% amino acid sequence identity with human, mouse, and cotton rat CCL3, respectively (2). CCL3 is an approximately 8 kDa chemokine that forms complexes with sulfated proteoglycans (3, 4). In a reversible process, CCL3 associates into noncovalently-linked dimers which then form tetramers and high molecular weight polymers (5, 6). These complexes of CCL3 are protected from proteolytic digestion by insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) which can cleave the monomeric chemokine (6). CCL3 exerts its biological functions through interactions with CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 (1). It is cleared from the extracellular space by internalization   via the decoy chemokine receptor D6 (7). CCL3 promotes the chemoattraction, adhesion to activated vascular endothelium, and cellular activation of many hematopoietic cell types including activated T cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, immature dendritic cells, and eosinophils (1, 8-10). CCL3 is also known as stem cell inhibitor (SCI) and can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (3). CCL3 bioactivity contributes to tumor metastasis and the inflammatory components of viral infection, rheumatoid arthritis, and hepatitis (11-14), although it also can suppress the replication of HIV (15). CCL3 additionally promotes hyperalgesia by sensitizing sensory neurons to TRPV1-mediated noxious stimulation (16).

• References:

1. Menten, P. et al. (2002) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 13:455.

2. Shi, M.M. et al. (1995) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 211:289.

3. Graham, G.J. et al. (1990) Nature 344:442.

4. Wagner, L. et al. (1998) Nature 391:908.

5. Graham, G.J. et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269:4974.

6. Ren, M. et al. (2010) EMBO J. 29:3952.

7. Weber, M. et al. (2004) Mol. Biol. Cell 15:2492

8. Taub, D.D. et al. (1993) Science 260:355.

9. Bernardini, G. et al. (2008) Blood 111:3626.

10. Lee, S.C. et al. (2000) J. Immunol. 164:3392.

11. Wu, Y. et al. (2008) J. Immunol. 181:6384.

12. Cook, D.N. et al. (1995) Science 269:1583.

13. Chintalacharuvu, S.R. et al. (2005) Immunol. Lett. 100:202.

14. Ajuebor, M.N. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Immunol. 34:2907.

15. Cocchi, F. et al. (1995) Science 270:1811.

16. Zhang, N. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102:4536.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  6348 (Human); 20302 (Mouse); 25542 (Rat); 448787 (Canine)

• Alternate Names:

  C-C motif chemokine 3; MIP1-(a); AI323804; CCL3; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3; G0S19-1; LD78a; LD78alpha; MIP1 alpha; MIP-1 alpha; Mip1a; MIP-1alpha; MIP1-alpha; Scya3