• Purity

  >97%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie® Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using BaF3 mouse pro‑B cells transfected with human FGF RIIIc. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.06-0.4 µg/mL in the presence of Recombinant Mouse Klotho  beta (Catalog # ).

• Source

  E. coli-derived His29-Ser209, with a N-terminal 5-His tag

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  His

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  20.2 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  24 kDa, reducing conditions

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Data Images

Background: FGF-21

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) is a member of the FGF gene family, which currently contains 22 human members. Based on its structure, it is further classified as an FGF19 subfamily member. This subfamily includes FGF-19, -21, and -23. Like all other FGF subfamilies, FGF-19 subfamily members contain a 120 amino acid (aa) core FGF domain that exhibits a beta -trefoil structure (1, 2). Unlike other FGF subfamilies, FGF-19 subfamily members apparently exhibit poor binding to ECM, resulting in highly diffusible molecules (3). The c-DNA for FGF-21 predicts a 209 aa polypeptide that contains a 28 aa signal sequence and a 181 aa mature region (4). Notably, FGF-21, as well as FGF-19 show limited binding to heparin (4). One potential alternate splice form has been reported. It shows a 43 aa substitution for the C-terminal 12 aa of the standard form (5). Mature human FGF-21 shows 81% aa identity to mouse FGF-21, and is known to be active on mouse cells (4, 6). The FGF-19 subfamily is considered endocrine in nature. All three subfamily members impact some aspect of metabolism, all three are induced by a nuclear receptor heterodimer that includes RXR, and all three utilize Klotho family members for signal transduction (7, 8, 9). FGF-21 is produced by hepatocytes in response to free fatty acid (FFA) stimulation of a PPARa/RXR dimeric complex (3, 7, 10, 11). This situation occurs clinically during starvation, or following the ingestion of a high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet. Upon FGF-21 secretion, white adipose tissue is induced to release FFAs from triglyceride stores. Once FFAs reach hepatocytes, they are oxidized and reduced to acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA is recombined into 4-carbon ketone bodies (acetoacetate and beta -hydroxybutyrate), released, and transported to peripheral tissues for TCA processing and energy generation (11, 12).

• References:

1. Itoh, N. and D.M. Ornitz (2004) Trends Genet. 20:563.

2. Mohammadi, M. et al. (2005) Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 16:107.

3. Huang, X. et al. (2006) Mol. Carcinog. 45:934.

4. Nishimura, T. et al. (2000) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1492:203.

5. GenBank Accession #: EAW52401 (2006).

6. Ford, A.M. et al. (2005) J. Clin. Invest. 115:1627.

7. Moore, D. D. (2007) Science 316:1436.

8. Ogawa, Y. et al. (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 104:7432.

9. Kurosu, H. et. al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:26687.

10. Lundasen, T. et al. (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 360:437.

11. Badman, M.K. et al. (2007) Cell Metab. 5:426.

12. Inagaki, T. et al. (2007) Cell Metab. 5:415.

• Long Name:

  Fibroblast Growth Factor 21

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  26291 (Human); 56636 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  FGF21; FGF-21; fibroblast growth factor 21