• Species Reactivity

  Porcine

• Specificity

  Detects porcine GM-CSF in direct ELISAs.    
   

• Source

  Recombinant Monoclonal Rabbit IgG Clone # 1202D

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from cell culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  E. coli-derived recombinant porcine GM-CSF    
  Ala18-Lys144    
  Accession # Q29118

• Formulation

  Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.  

• Label

  Unconjugated

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Neutralization

  Measured by its ability to neutralize GM‑CSF-induced proliferation in the TF‑1 human erythroleukemic cell line. Kitamura, T.     et al. (1989) J. Cell Physiol.     140:323. The Neutralization Dose (ND    ₅₀) is typically 0.02-0.1 µg/mL in the presence of 10 ng/mL Recombinant Porcine GM‑CSF.

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Reconstitution

  Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

• Shipping

  The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

• Stability & Storage

  Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.

• 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

• 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: GM-CSF

GM-CSF was initially characterized as a factor that can support the in vitro colony formation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. It is also a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors. GM-CSF is produced by a number of different cell types (including T cells, B cells, macrophages, mast cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and adipocytes) in response to cytokine or inflammatory stimuli. On mature hematopoietic cells, GM-CSF is a survival factor for and activates the effector functions of granulocytes, monocytes/macrophages, and eosinophils (1, 2). GM-CSF promotes a Th1 biased immune response, angiogenesis, allergic inflammation, and the development of autoimmunity (3‑5). It shows clinical effectiveness in ameliorating chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, and GM-CSF transfected tumor cells are utilized as cancer vaccines (6, 7). The 22 kDa glycosylated GM-CSF, similar to IL-3 and IL-5, is a cytokine with a core of four bundled alpha ‑helices (8‑10). Mature porcine GM-CSF shares 61%‑72% amino acid sequence identity with canine, feline, human, and rat GM-CSF and 53% with mouse GM-CSF. GM‑CSF exerts its biological effects through a heterodimeric receptor complex composed of GM-CSF R alpha /CD116 and the signal transducing common beta  chain (CD131) which is also a component of the high-affinity receptors for IL-3 and IL-5 (11, 12). In addition, GM-CSF binds a naturally occurring soluble form of GM-CSF R alpha (13). The activity of GM-CSF is species specific between human and mouse (14).

• References:

1. Martinez-Moczygemba, M. and D.P. Huston (2003) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 112:653.

2. Barreda, D.R. et al. (2004) Dev. Comp. Immunol. 28:509. 

3. Eksioglu, E.A. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1163. 

4. Cao, Y. (2007) J. Clin. Invest. 117:2362. 

5. Fleetwood, A.J. et al. (2005) Crit. Rev. Immunol. 25:405. 

6. Heuser, M. et al. (2007) Semin. Hematol. 44:148. 

7. Hege, K.M. et al. (2006) Int. Rev. Immunol. 25:321.

8. Kaushansky, K. et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:1881.

9. Diederichs, K. et al. (1991) Science 254:1779.

10. Inumaro, S. and H. Takamatsu (1995) Immunol. Cell Biol. 73:474.

11. Onetto-Pothier, N. et al. (1990) Blood 75:59.

12. Hayashida, K. et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 87:9655.

13. Pelley, J.L. et al. (2007) Exp. Hematol. 35:1483.

14. Shanafelt, A.B. et al. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266:13804.

• Long Name:

  Granulocyte Macrophage Growth Factor

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  1437 (Human); 12981 (Mouse); 116630 (Rat); 397208 (Porcine); 403923 (Canine); 493805 (Feline)

• Alternate Names:

  colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage); Colony-stimulating factor; CSF; CSF2; GMCSF; GM-CSF; GMCSFgranulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor; MGC131935; MGC138897; molgramostin; sargramostim