• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using MC/9‑2 mouse mast cells. Thompson-Snipes, L.     et al. (1991) J. Exp. Med.     173:507. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.3‑1 ng/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Ser19-Asn178 (Cys167Tyr)

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Ser19

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  18.7 kDa (monomer)

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: IL-10

Interleukin 10, also known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is the charter member of the IL-10 family of alpha -helical cytokines that also includes IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 (1, 2). IL-10 is secreted by many activated hematopoietic cell types as well as hepatic stellate cells, keratinocytes, and placental cytotrophoblasts (2 - 5). Mature rat IL-10 shares 85% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and 71% - 79% amino acid sequence identity with bovine, canine, equine, feline, human, ovine, and porcine IL-10. Whereas human IL-10 is active on mouse cells, mouse IL-10 does not act on human cells (6, 7). IL-10 is a 178 amino acid molecule that contains two intrachain disulfide bridges and is expressed as a 36 kDa noncovalently associated homodimer (8 - 10). The IL-10 dimer binds to two IL-10 R alpha /IL-10R1 chains, resulting in recruitment of two IL-10 R beta /IL-10R2 chains and activation of a signaling cascade involving JAK1, TYK2, and STAT3 (11). IL-10R beta does not bind IL-10 by itself but is required for signal transduction (1). IL-10R beta also associates with IL-20 R alpha, IL-22R alpha, or IL-28 R alpha to form the receptor complexes for IL-22, IL-26, IL-28, and IL-29 (12 - 14). IL-10 is a critical molecule in the control of viral infections and allergic and autoimmune inflammation (15 - 17). It promotes phagocytic uptake and Th2 responses but suppresses antigen presentation and Th1 proinflammatory responses (2).

• References:

1. Pestka, S. et al. (2004) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22:929.

2. O’Garra, A. and P. Vieira (2007) Nat. Rev. Immunol. 7:425.

3. Mathurin, P. et al. (2002) Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 282:G981.

4. Grewe, M. et al. (1995) J. Invest. Dermatol. 104:3.

5. Szony, B.J. et al. (1999) Mol. Hum. Reprod. 5:1059.

6. Vieira, P. et al. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 88:1172.

7. Hsu, D.-H. et al. (1990) Science 250:830.

8. Goodman, R. et al. (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189:1.

9. Windsor, W.T. et al. (1993) Biochemistry 32:8807.

10. Syto, R. et al. (1998) Biochemistry 37:16943.

11. Kotenko, S.V. et al. (1997) EMBO J. 16:5894.

12. Kotenko, S.V. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 276:2725.

13. Hor, S. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:33343.

14. Sheppard, P. et al. (2003) Nat. Immunol. 4:63.

15. Fitzgerald, D.C. et al. (2007) Nat. Immunol. 8:1372.

16. Wu, K. et al. (2007) Cell. Mol. Immunol. 4:269.

17. Blackburn, S.D. and E.J. Wherry (2007) Trends Microbiol. 15:143.

• Long Name:

  Interleukin 10

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  3586 (Human); 16153 (Mouse); 25325 (Rat); 397106 (Porcine); 403628 (Canine); 493683 (Feline); 100135553 (Guinea Pig); 2949786 (Viral)

• Alternate Names:

  CSIF; CSIFMGC126450; Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor; IL10; IL-10; IL10A; IL-10MGC126451; interleukin 10; interleukin-10; TGIF