• Purity

  >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured in a cell proliferation assay using MC/9‑2 mouse mast cells. Thompson-Snipes, L.     et al. (1991) J. Exp. Med.     173:507. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 1.2‑6 ng/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Ser19-Asn175

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Ser19

• Structure / Form

  Noncovalently-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  18 kDa

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: IL-10

IL-10, initially designated cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), was originally identified as a product of murine T helper 2 (Th2) clones that inhibited the cytokine production by Th1 clones which are dependent upon stimulation with antigen in the presence of antigen presenting cells (APC). The human homologue of murine IL-10 was subsequently cloned by cross-hybridization. Human and murine IL‑10 are 81% and 73% homologous at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. Both murine and human IL-10 are also highly homologous with a previously uncharacterized open reading frame in the Epstein-Bar virus (EBV) genome, BCRF1. The BCRF1 gene product is now designated viral IL-10. Murine IL-10 is produced by Th2 cells, activated fetal thymocytes, macrophages, keratinocytes, and LY-1⁺ (CD5⁺) and normal B cells. Human IL-10 has cross-species actvities and is active on mouse cells. Murine IL-10 is species-specific and does not act on human cells. Porcine IL-10 is 71% and 78% homologous with mouse and human IL-10, respectively.

IL-10 is a pleiotropic cytokine that can exert either immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive effects on a variety of cell types. It is a potent immunosuppressant of macrophage functions. In vitro, IL-10 can inhibit the accessory function and antigen-presenting capacity of monocytes by, among other effects, downregulating class II MHC expression. Thus, IL-10 can inhibit monocyte/macrophage-dependent, antigen stimulated cytokine synthesis (especially IFN-gamma ) by human PBMNC and NK, and mouse Th1 cells. Additionally, IL-10 is a potent inhibitor of monocyte/macrophage activation and its resultant cytotoxic effects. As an immunostimulatory cytokine, IL-10 can act on B cells to enhance their viability, cell proliferation, Ig secretion, and class II MHC expression. Aside from B lymphocytes, IL-10 is also a growth co-stimulator for thymocytes and mast cells, as well as an enhancer of cytotoxic T cell development.

• References:

1. Moore, K.W. et al. (1993) Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11:165.

• Long Name:

  Interleukin 10

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  3586 (Human); 16153 (Mouse); 25325 (Rat); 397106 (Porcine); 403628 (Canine); 493683 (Feline); 100135553 (Guinea Pig); 2949786 (Viral)

• Alternate Names:

  CSIF; CSIFMGC126450; Cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor; IL10; IL-10; IL10A; IL-10MGC126451; interleukin 10; interleukin-10; TGIF