• Species Reactivity

  Rat

• Specificity

  Detects rat VEGF    ₁₆₄ in direct ELISAs and Western blots. Shows 50 - 100% cross-reactivity with recombinant mouse (rm) VEGF    ₁₂₀, rmVEGF    ₁₆₄, recombinant human (rh) VEGF    ₁₂₁, rhVEGF    ₁₆₅, and rhVEGF    ₁₈₉ and no cross-reactivity with rmVEGF    ₁₁₅. Recognizes an epitope found between amino acids 78-120 of rmVEGF    ₁₂₀. This segment is present in all VEGF isoforms except rmVEGF    ₁₁₅.

• Source

  Monoclonal Mouse IgG    _2B Clone # 123704

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  Mouse myeloma cell line NS0-derived recombinant rat VEGF    ₁₆₄    
  Ala27-Arg190    
  Accession # AAA41211.1

• Formulation

  Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the antibody by the LAL method.  

• Label

  Unconjugated

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Western Blot

  1 µg/mL

  Recombinant Rat VEGF    ₁₆₄ (Catalog # )    
  under non-reducing conditions only

• 
  

• Rat VEGF Sandwich Immunoassay

  Reagent    

• ELISA Capture (Matched Antibody Pair)

  2-8 µg/mL 

  Rat VEGF     ₁₆₄ Antibody (Catalog # )

• ELISA Detection (Matched Antibody Pair)

  0.1-0.4 µg/mL 

  Rat VEGF Biotinylated Antibody (Catalog # )

• ELISA Standard

   

  Recombinant Rat VEGF 164 Protein (Catalog # )

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Preparation and Storage

• Reconstitution

  Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

• Shipping

  The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

• Stability & Storage

  Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.

• 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

• 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: VEGF

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A), also known as vascular permeability factor (VPF), is a potent mediator of both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in the fetus and adult (1-3). It is a member of the PDGF family that is characterized by a cysteine-knot structure formed by eight conserved cysteine residues (4). Alternately spliced isoforms of 121, 145, 165, 183, 189, and 206 amino acids (aa) have been identified in humans, with 120, 164, and 188 aa isoforms found in rat and mouse (2, 4). Isoforms other than VEGF₁₂₀ and VEGF₁₂₁ contain basic heparin-binding regions and are not freely diffusible (4). Rat VEGF₁₆₄ shares 97% aa sequence identity with corresponding regions of mouse, 88% with human and bovine, 89% with porcine and canine, and 90% with feline and equine VEGF, respectively. VEGF binds the type I transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF R1 (also called Flt-1) and VEGF R2 (Flk-1/KDR) on endothelial cells (4). Although affinity is highest for binding to VEGF R1, VEGF R2 appears to be the primary mediator of VEGF angiogenic activity (3, 4). Human VEGF₁₆₅ binds the semaphorin receptor, neuropilin-1 and promotes complex formation with VEGF R2 (5). VEGF is required during embryogenesis to regulate the proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells (3, 4). In adults, VEGF functions mainly in wound healing and the female reproductive cycle (3). Pathologically, it is involved in tumor angiogenesis and vascular leakage (6, 7). Circulating VEGF levels correlate with disease activity in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus (8). VEGF is induced by hypoxia and cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, Oncostatin M, and TNF-alpha (3, 4, 9).

• References:

1. Conn, G. et al. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 87:2628.

2. Ishii, H. et al. (2001) Arch. Oral Biol. 46:77.

3. Byrne, A.M. et al. (2005) J. Cell. Mol. Med. 9:777.

4. Robinson, C.J. and S.E. Stringer (2001) J. Cell. Sci. 114:853.

5. Pan, Q. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:24049.

6. Weis, S.M. & D.A. Cheresh (2005) Nature 437:497.

7. Thurston, G. (2002) J. Anat. 200:575.

8. Carvalho, J.F. et al. (2007) J. Clin. Immunol. 27:246.

9. Angelo, L.S. & R. Kurzrock (2007) Clin. Cancer Res. 13:2825.

• Long Name:

  Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  7422 (Human); 22339 (Mouse); 83785 (Rat); 281572 (Bovine); 403802 (Canine); 493845 (Feline); 30682 (Zebrafish)

• Alternate Names:

  MVCD1; VAS; vascular endothelial growth factor A; Vascular permeability factor; Vasculotropin; VEGF; VEGFA; VEGF-A; VEGFMGC70609; VPF; VPFvascular endothelial growth factor