• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When Recombinant Human LILRB2/CD85d/ILT4 is coated at 2 µg/mL, Recombinant Human Angiopoietin-like Protein 7/ANGPTL7 (Catalog # ) binds with a typical ED    ₅₀ of 25-150 ng/mL.

• Source

  Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived Gln22-His458, with a C-terninal 6-His tag

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  No results obtained. Gln22 inferred from enzymatic pyroglutamate treatment revealing Thr23

• Structure / Form

  Monomer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  48 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  62-72 kDa, reducing conditions

Data Images

Background: LILRB2/CD85d/ILT4

The immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) molecules comprise a family of activating and inhibitory type immunoreceptors whose genes are located in the same locus that encodes killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR) (1, 2). ILT4, also known as CD85d, LIR-2, and LILRB2, is closely related to mouse PIR-B and is primarily expressed on monocytes, dendritic cells (DC), and neutrophils (3, 4). Mature human ILT4 consists of a 440 amino acid (aa) extracellular domain (ECD) with 4 Ig-like domains, a 21 aa transmembrane segment, and a 116 aa cytoplasmic domain with 3 inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) (5). The ECD of human ILT4 shares 76% aa identity with chimpanzee ILT4 and 74%, 81%, 33%, 52%, 77%, 61%, and 64% aa identity with human ILT1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, and 8, respectively. ILT4 binds to classical MHC I proteins as well as the non-classical HLA-G1 and HLA-F molecules (5-9). It competes with CD8 alpha for MHC I binding but does not compete with KIR2DL1 (7). Ligation of ILT4 induces tyrosine phosphorylation within its cytoplasmic ITIMs, association with SHP-1, and inhibition of stimulatory signaling (3, 6). ILT4 activation promotes the development of tolerogenic dendritic cells and the subsequent induction of regulatory T cells and CD4  ⁺ T cell anergy (10-12). Ligation of ILT4 on neutrophils further attenuates immune responses by inhibiting neutrophil phagocytic activity and production of reactive oxygen species (4). ILT4 also binds to multimeric Angiopoietin-like 2, and its ligation supports the expansion of hematopoietic stem cells from cord blood (13). In the brain, ILT4 and mouse PIR-B function as receptors for oligomeric Abeta (1-42) peptide (14).

• References:

1. Suciu-Foca, N. et al. (2005) Int. Immunopharmacol. 5:7.

2. Hofmeister, V. and E.H. Weiss (2003) Semin. Canc. Biol. 13:317.

3. Fanger, N.A. et al. (1998) Eur. J. Immunol. 28:3423.

4. Baudhuin, J. et al. (2013) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110:17957.

5. Borges, L. et al. (1997) J. Immunol. 159:5192.

6. Colonna, M. et al. (1998) J. Immunol. 160:3096.

7. Shiroishi, M. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:8856.

8. Lepin, E.J.M. et al. (2000) Eur. J. Immunol. 30:3552.

9. Allen, R.L. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:5543.

10. Chang, C.C. et al. (2002) Nat. Immunol. 3:237.

11. Ristich, V. et al. (2005) Eur. J. Immunol. 35:1133.

12. Gregori, S. et al. (2010) Blood 116:935.

13. Deng, M. et al. (2014) Blood 124:924.

14. Kim, T. et al. (2013) Science 341:1399.

• Long Name:

  Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor, Subfamily B (with TM and ITIM Domains), Member 5

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  10288 (Human)

• Alternate Names:

  CD85 antigen-like family member D; CD85d antigen; CD85d; Ig-like transcript 4; ILT4; ILT-4; ILT4CD85d; Immunoglobulin-like transcript 4; Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 2; leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 soluble isoform; leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2; leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor, subfamily B (with TM and ITIM domains); LILRB2; LIR2; LIR2CD85D; LIR-2subfamily A (with TM domain), member 6; member 2; MIR10; MIR10LILRA6; Monocyte/macrophage immunoglobulin-like receptor 10