• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. Immobilized recombinant human IL-36 gamma  at 1 µg/mL (100 µL/well) can bind recombinant human IL-1 Rrp2 Fc Chimera (Catalog # 872-RP) with a linear range of 0.15 ‑ 5 µg/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Met1-Asp169

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Met1

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  18.7 kDa

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: IL-36 gamma/IL-1F9

Human interleukin 36 gamma (IL‑36 gamma ; formerly known as IL‑1F9, IL‑1 epsilon (epsilon) and IL‑1H1) is a secreted member of the IL‑1 family of proteins (1‑5). It currently is one of at least four IL‑1 family members that have been renamed, the others being IL‑36 alpha (formerly IL‑1F6), IL‑36 beta (formerly IL‑1F8) IL‑37 (formerly IL‑1F7) and IL‑36ra (formerly IL‑1F5) (1). All family members show a 12 beta ‑strand, beta ‑trefoil configuration, and all family members are believed to have arisen from a common ancestral gene that has undergone multiple duplications (6). IL‑36 gamma is synthesized as a 19 kDa, 169 amino acid (aa) protein that contains no signal sequence, no prosegment and no potential N‑linked glycosylation site(s) (3, 4, 7). The molecule is secreted via a nonclassical pathway and likely requires the presence of extracellular ATP (7, 8). Human to mouse, IL‑36 gamma shares 53% aa identity. Within the family, IL‑36 gamma shares 30% aa identity with IL‑1ra, and 23%, 33%, 57%, 35%, 45% and 32% aa identity with IL‑1 beta, IL‑36ra, IL‑36 alpha, IL‑37, IL‑36 beta and IL‑1F10, respectively. Cells reported to express IL‑36 gamma include Langerhans cells, keratinocytes, monocytes, bronchial epithelium plus Chief cells and Parietal cells of the stomach (6 ‑ 10). The receptor for IL‑36 alpha is reported to be a combination of IL‑1Rrp2 and IL‑1 RAcP (9). Recombinant IL‑136 gamma, along with IL‑36 alpha and IL‑36 beta, has been shown to act as an agonist by activating the pathway involving NF‑ kappa B and MAPK in an IL‑1Rrp2 dependent manner. This suggests that IL‑36 gamma may signal in similar fashion to IL‑1 and IL‑18 by having a binding receptor which, upon ligation, recruits a second receptor as a signaling component, forming an active heterodimeric receptor complex. Activities attributed to IL‑36 gamma include a down‑regulation of betacellulin, an up‑regulation of MMP‑9 and ‑10, and the activation of both macrophages and fibroblasts, resulting in the release of multiple chemokines such as CXCL1, 2, 3 and 8, plus CCL2, 3 and 20 (9 ‑ 11).

• References:

1. Dinarello, C. et al. (2010) Nat. Immunol. 11:973.

2. barksby, H.E. et al. (2007) Clin. Exp. Immunol. 149:217.

3. Smith, D. E. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275 :1169.

4. Kumar, S. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275 :10308.

5. Nicklin, M.J.H. et al. (2002) Genomics. 79:718.

6. Dunn, E. et al. (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:533.

7. Debets, R. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1440.

8. Johnston, A. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:2613.

9. Chustz, R.T. et al. (2010) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. [Epub ahead of print].

10. Ramadas, R.A. et al. (2011) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 44:134.

11. Towne, J.E. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:13677.

• Long Name:

  Interleukin 36 gamma/Interleukin 1 Family 9

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  56300 (Human); 215257 (Mouse); 499744 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  IL-1 epsilon; IL-1 H1; IL-1 Related Protein 2; IL-1(EPSILON); IL1E; IL-1-epsilon; IL1F9; IL-1F9; IL1H1; IL-1H1; IL-1-Related Protein 2; IL1RP2; IL-1rp2; IL36 gamma; IL-36 gamma; IL36G; interleukin 1 family, member 9; interleukin 1-related protein 2; Interleukin 36, Gamma; Interleukin-1 epsilon; interleukin-1 family member 9; Interleukin-1 homolog 1; Interleukin-36 Gamma