• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to induce ERK1/ERK2 phosphorylation in Jurkat human acute T cell leukemia cells. 5-15 μg/mL of Recombinant Human TFF2 can effectively induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation.

• Source

  Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived Glu24-Tyr129

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Glu24

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  12 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  17-25 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: TFF2

Trefoil Factor 2 (TFF2), also known as spasmolytic peptide (SP), is one of three structurally related secreted proteins that contain trefoil domains. These domains adopt a three-leaved conformation held together by conserved intrachain disulfide bonds. TFF2 is an approximately 20 kDa glycosylated peptide that plays an important role in epithelial regeneration and wound healing (1, 2). Mature human TFF2 shares 87% and 83% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat TFF2, respectively. TFF2 is primarily expressed by gastric mucosa of the pyloric stomach where it binds to Gastrokine 2 (3, 4). It is up-regulated in bronchiolar epithelium following exposure to allergens and is excreted into the urine at increased levels in patients with kidney stones (5, 6). TFF2 knockout mice exhibit increased gastric epithelium damage following   H. pylori infection or treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (7, 8). Administration of TFF2 can reduce the severity of experimental colitis (9-11). TFF2 is down-regulated in many gastric cancers, although it is up-regulated in some breast cancers (12-14). TFF2 promotes the migration of normal epithelial cells as well as tumor cells (14, 15).

• References:

1. Kjellev, S. (2009) Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 66:1350.

2. May, F.E.B. et al. (2000) Gut 46:454.

3. Madsen, J. et al. (2007) J. Histochem. Cytochem. 55:505.

4. Otto, W.R. et al. (2006) Proteomics 6:4235.

5. Nikolaidis, N.M. et al. (2006) Exp. Lung Res. 32:483.

6. Rinnert, M. et al. (2010) Cell Tissue Res. 339:639.

7. Fox, J.G. et al. (2007) Am. J. Pathol. 171:1520.

8. Farrell, J.J. et al. (2002) J. Clin. Invest. 109:193.

9. Soriano-Izquierdo, A. et al. (2004) J. Leukoc. Biol. 75:214.

10. Poulsen, S.S. et al. (2005) Regul. Pept. 126:163.

11. Tran, C.P. et al. (1999) Gut 44:636.

12. Leung, W.K. et al. (2002) J. Pathol. 197:582.

13. Kirikoshi, H. and M. Katoh (2002) Int. J. Oncol. 21:655.

14. May, F.E. et al. (2004) Peptides 25:865.

15. Oertel, M. et al. (2001) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 25:418.

• Long Name:

  Trefoil Factor 2

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  7032 (Human); 21785 (Mouse); 116592 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  SML1; SML1trefoil factor 2, SML1, human spasmolytic polypeptide (SP)10spasmolytic protein 1; SP; Spasmolysin; Spasmolytic Polypeptide; TFF2; trefoil factor 2