• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its binding ability in a functional ELISA. When peptidoglycan is coated at 1 μg/mL (100 μL/well), the concentration of Recombinant Human PGLYRP4/PGRP-I beta that produces 50% optimal binding response is 0.5-3 μg/mL.

• Source

  Human embryonic kidney cell, HEK293-derived Asp18-His373 with a C-terminal 6-His tag

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Asp18

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  40 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  53-64 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: PGLYRP4/PGRP-I beta

PGLYRP4, also known as PGRP-I beta, is a member of the peptidoglycan recognition protein family of innate immunity proteins (1, 2). Human PGLYRP4 is expressed in the skin, eyes, salivary glands, throat, tongue, esophagus, stomach, and intestine (3). Mature human PGLYRP4 contains two nonidentical PGRP domains, and it shares 77% and 74% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat PGLYRP4, respectively (1, 4). It is secreted as disulfide-linked homodimers and binds peptidoglycan (PGN) and PGN-containing Gram-positive bacteria (1, 3). PGLYRP4 is directly bactericidal against pathogenic and nonpathogenic Gram-positive bacteria, but not normal flora bacteria, suggesting that normal flora bacteria have developed resistance to this bactericidal mechanism (3, 5, 6). Its bactericidal activity requires physiological concentrations of Zn  ²⁺ (6). PGLYRP4 knockout mice are more sensitive to the development of experimental dermatitis and DSS-induced colitis than wild type mice (2, 7). In humans, PGLYRP4 single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease and increased Parkinson’s disease risk (8, 9).

• References:

1. Liu, C. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:34686.

2. Park, S.Y. et al. (2011) PLoS One 6:e24961.

3. Lu, X. et al. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281:5895.

4. Royet, J. and R. Dziarski (2007) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 5:264.

5. Tydell, C.C. et al. (2006) J. Immunol. 176:1154.

6. Wang, M. et al. (2007) J. Immunol. 178:3116.

7. Saha, S. et al. (2010) Cell Host Microbe 8:147.

8. Zulfiqar, F. et al. (2013) PLoS One 8:e67393.

9. Goldman, S.M. et al. (2014) Mov. Disord. 29:1171.

• Long Name:

  Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein Intermediate, Beta/Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein 4

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  57115 (Human)

• Alternate Names:

  peptidoglycan recognition protein 4; peptidoglycan recognition protein I beta; Pglyrp-1 beta; PGLYRP4; PGRPI beta; PGRP-I beta; PGRP-I-beta