• Purity

  >95%, by SDS-PAGE with silver staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.10 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to induce IL-8 secretion in A431 human epithelial carcinoma cells. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 0.8-4.8 ng/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Arg5-Glu157

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Arg5

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  17 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  17 kDa, reducing conditions

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Data Images

Background: IL-36 beta/IL-1F8

Interleukin-36 beta (IL-36 beta, previously known as IL-1F8, FIL-1 eta (eta) and IL-1H2, is a member of the IL-1 family of proteins that also includes IL-1 beta, IL-1 alpha, IL-1ra,  
IL-18, IL-36Ra/IL-1F5, IL-36 alpha /IL-1F6, IL-37/IL-1F7, IL-36 gamma /IL-1F9, and IL-1F10 (1, 2). IL-1 family cytokines are characterized by a 12  beta -stranded beta -trefoil configuration and share up to 50% amino acid (aa) sequence identity. The 157 aa human IL-36 beta does not have a canonical signal peptide or prosegment and is expressed as two isoforms that differ in their C-terminal 70 aa. IL-36 beta 1 lacks four of the conserved beta -strands common to the IL-1 family (3). Human IL-36 beta 2 shares 62%, 67%, 63% and 59% aa identity with the most similar isoforms of mouse, canine, bovine and equine IL-36 beta, respectively (4). IL-36 beta is expressed by keratinocytes, naïve CD4  ⁺ T cells, neurons, and glia (5-7). It is up-regulated in keratinocytes and synovial fibroblasts by inflammatory stimulation and in psoriatic lesions (5, 8, 9). IL-36 beta promotes inflammatory responses by enhancing the activation and Th1 polarization of dendritic cells and T cells (7, 10, 11). It also enhances the production of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and anti-bacterial defensin peptides by keratinocytes, synovial fibroblasts, and articular chondrocytes (5, 8-10). IL-36 proteins exert their bioactivity through a receptor complex that contains IL-1 Rrp2 and IL-1 RAcP, and this is antagonized by IL-36Ra which also binds IL-1 Rrp2 (11, 12). The potency of IL-36 beta is increased by cleavage of its first four N-terminal amino acids (13).

• References:

1. Garlanda, C. et al. (2013) Immunity 39:1003.

2. Gresnigt, M.S. and F.L. van de Veerdonk (2013) Semin. Immunol. 25:458.

3. Smith, D.E. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:1169.

4. Kumar, S. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:10308.

5. Johnston, A. et al. (2011) J. Immunol. 186:2613.

6. Wang, P. et al. (2005) Cytokine 29:245.

7. Vigne, S. et al. (2012) Blood 120:3478.

8. Magne, D. et al. (2005) Arthritis Res. Ther. 8:R80.

9. Carrier, Y. et al. (2011) J. Invest. Dermatol. 131:2428.

10. Foster, A.M. et al. (2014) J. Immunol. 192:6053.

11. Vigne, S. et al. (2011) Blood 118:5813.

12. Towne, J.E. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:13677.

13. Towne, J.E. et al. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286:42594.

• Long Name:

  Interleukin 36 beta/Interleukin 1 Family 8

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  27177 (Human); 69677 (Mouse)

• Alternate Names:

  family of interleukin 1-eta; FIL1 eta; FIL1; FIL1-(ETA); FIL1H; FILI-(ETA); IL-1 eta; IL1-ETA; IL1F8 (Canonical product IL-1F8a); IL-1F8 (FIL1-eta); IL1F8; IL-1F8; IL1H2; IL-1H2; IL36 beta; IL-36 beta; IL36B; interleukin 1 family, member 8 (eta); interleukin 1, eta; Interleukin 36, Beta; Interleukin-1 eta; interleukin-1 family member 8; Interleukin-1 homolog 2; Interleukin-1 Superfamily e; Interleukin-36 Beta