• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human EN-RAGE in direct ELISAs and Western blots.

• Source

  Polyclonal Goat IgG

• Purification

  Antigen Affinity-purified

• Immunogen

  E. coli-derived recombinant human EN-RAGE/S100A12    
  Met1-Glu92    
  Accession # P80511

• Formulation

  Supplied in a saline solution containing BSA and Sodium Azide.

• Label

  Alexa Fluor 488

Applications

• 
  

  Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Flow Cytometry

  5 µL/10    ⁶ cells

  See below

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Shipping

  The product is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.

• Stability & Storage

  Protect from light.    Do not freeze.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, 2 to 8 °C as supplied.

Background: EN-RAGE/S100A12

EN-RAGE, also known as S100A12 and Calgranulin C, is a 10 kDa member of the S100 (soluble in 100% saturated ammonium sulfate) family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins. Like other S100 proteins, S100A12 is small and generally acidic (1-3). EN-RAGE forms noncovalent homodimers in the absence of divalent cations (4-6); calcium and zinc promote the formation of higher order assemblies including tetramers and hexamers (4, 7, 8). The ability of S100A12 to chelate zinc enables it to inhibit the zinc-dependent metalloproteases MMP-2, -3, and -9 (8). S100A12 also forms heterodimers with S100A9 and binds to RAGE (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products), Annexin V, and several cytosolic enzymes involved in energy metabolism (9, 10). The hexameric form of EN-RAGE in particular binds RAGE with high affinity (7). EN-RAGE induces a variety of inflammatory responses including the   in vivo recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells and the activation of mast cells and vascular endothelial cells (9, 11-14). EN-RAGE is found at elevated levels under inflammatory conditions such as asthma, gout, rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid, and atherosclerosis (8, 12, 14). S100A12 also promotes neurite outgrowth in isolated hippocampal neurons (15). An ortholog of S100A12 has not been identified in rodents, but the human protein is functional in mice and rats (11-16).

• References:

1. Santamaria-Kisiel, L. et al. (2006) Biochem. J. 396:201.

2. Leclerc, E. et al. (2009) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1793:993.

3. Wicki, R. et al. (1996) Cell Calcium 20:459.

4. Moroz, O.V. et al. (2009) BMC Biochem. 10:11.

5. Miranda, L.P. et al. (2001) FEBS Lett. 488:85.

6. Vogl, T. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:25291.

7. Xie, J. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:4218.

8. Goyette, J. et al. (2009) J. Immunol. 183:593.

9. Hatakeyama, T. et al. (2004) Eur. J. Biochem. 271:3765.

10. Hofmann, M.A. et al. (1999) Cell 97:889.

11. Yang, Z. et al. (2001) J. Leukoc. Biol. 69:986.

12. Rouleau, P. et al. (2003) Clin. Immunol. 107:46.

13. Yan, W.X. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:13035.

14. Yang, Z. et al. (2007) J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 119:106.

15. Mikkelsen, S.E. et al. (2001) J. Neurochem. 79:767.

16. Fuellen, G. et al. (2004) OMICS 8:334.

• Long Name:

  Extracellular Newly Identified RAGE-binding Protein

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  6283 (Human)

• Alternate Names:

  CAAF1; CAAF1Neutrophil S100 protein; CAAFI; CAGC; CAGCS100 calcium binding protein A12 (calgranulin C); CAGCS100; Calcium-binding protein in amniotic fluid 1; Calgranulin C; calgranulin-C; CGRPEN-RAGE; ENRAGE; EN-RAGE; Extracellular newly identified RAGE-binding protein; MRP6; p6calgranulin C; protein S100-A12; S100 calcium binding protein A12; S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (calgranulin C); S100 calcium-binding protein A12; S100A12