• Species Reactivity

  Human

• Specificity

  Detects human Syntaxin 4 in direct ELISAs and Western blots.

• Source

  Monoclonal Mouse IgG    _2B Clone # 884637

• Purification

  Protein A or G purified from hybridoma culture supernatant

• Immunogen

  E. coli-derived recombinant human Syntaxin 4    
  Met1-Glu183    
  Accession # Q12846

• Formulation

  Lyophilized from a 0.2 μm filtered solution in PBS with Trehalose. *Small pack size (SP) is supplied as a 0.2 µm filtered solution in PBS.

• Label

  Unconjugated

Applications

• Recommended    
  Concentration

  Sample

• Western Blot

  0.25 µg/mL

  See below

• 
  

• Simple Western

  2.5 µg/mL

  See below

• 
  

• Immunocytochemistry

  8-25 µg/mL

  See below

• 
  

Please Note: Optimal dilutions should be determined by each laboratory for each application.  are available in the Technical Information section on our website.

Data Examples

Preparation and Storage

• Reconstitution

  Reconstitute at 0.5 mg/mL in sterile PBS.

• Shipping

  The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below. *Small pack size (SP) is shipped with polar packs. Upon receipt, store it immediately at -20 to -70 °C

• Stability & Storage

  Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.    

• 12 months from date of receipt, -20 to -70 °C as supplied.

• 1 month, 2 to 8 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

• 6 months, -20 to -70 °C under sterile conditions after reconstitution.

Background: Syntaxin 4

Syntaxin 4 (STX4) is a widely expressed type IV transmembrane protein that is a member of the syntaxin family of t‑SNARE (target‑Soluble NSF [N‑ethylmaleimide‑sensitive factor] Attachment REceptor) membrane fusion proteins (1, 2). For membrane fusion, VAMPs (Vesicle‑Associated Membrane Proteins, also called Synaptotagmins) as v‑SNAREs on donor (vesicle) membranes interact with t‑SNAREs and SNAPs (Soluble NSF Attachment Proteins) on target (cell surface) membranes, with SM (Sec1/Munc18-like) accessory proteins acting as catalysts for fusion (2). Human Syntaxin 4 cDNA encodes 297 amino acids (aa) including  basolateral targeting motif for epithelial cells (aa 24‑29), a coiled‑coil domain termed Habc (aa 43‑163), an S‑nitrosylation site which regulates fusion (aa 141), a hinge region, a t‑SNARE domain (aa 200‑262), and a C‑terminal transmembrane domain (aa 276‑296) (1‑4). Within aa 1‑183, human Syntaxin 4 shares 89% aa sequence homology with mouse and rat, and 94‑95% with canine, bovine, equine, porcine, feline and ovine Syntaxin 4. Among its known roles, Syntaxin 4 and SNAP‑23 or SNAP‑25 associate with VAMP‑2 for fusion of GLUT4‑containing vesicles with the plasma membrane in muscle and adipose cells (1, 5). It is required for exocytosis of insulin from pancreatic beta ‑cells (3, 6, 7). With SNAP23 and VAMP‑3, it allows endosome recycling to extend podosomes during macrophage migration (7‑9). It establishes polarization of epithelial cells, specifying basolateral sorting of proteins (4, 10). It mediates postsynaptic activity‑dependent exocytosis in neural cell dendritic spines (11). It is involved in exocytosis of ANP from cardiomyocytes (12). In FAS‑mediated apoptosis, it allows translocation of acid sphingomyelinase to the cell surface (13). Syntaxin 4 binds F‑actin and gelsolin, linking the plasma membrane with, or releasing it from, the actin cytoskeleton (6, 7).

• References:

1. Jagadish, M.N. et al. (1996) Biochem. J. 317:945.

2. Sudhof, T.C. and J.E. Rothman 2009 Science 323:474.

3. Wiseman, D.A. et al. (2011) J. Biol. Chem. 286:16344.

4. Reales, E. et al. (2011) PLoS One 6:e21181.

5. Vicogne, J. et al. (2006) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103:14761.

6. Jewell, J.L. et al. (2008) J. Biol. Chem. 283:10716.

7. Kalwat, M.A. et al. (2012) Mol. Endocrinol. 26:128.

8. Veale, K.J. et al. (2010) Commun. Integr. Biol. 4:44.

9. Veale, K.J. et al. (2010) Exp. Cell Res. 317:1817.

10. Low, S.H. et al. (2006) Mol. Biol. Cell 17:977.

11. Kennedy, M.J. et al. (2010) Cell 141:524.

12. Ferlito, M. et al. (2010) J. Mol. Cardiol. 49:791.

13. Perotta, C. et al. (2010) J. Biol. Chem. 285:40240.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  6810 (Human); 20909 (Mouse); 81803 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  NY-REN-31; p35-2; Renal carcinoma antigen NY-REN-31; STX4; STX4Ap35-2; Syntaxin 4; syntaxin 4A (placental); syntaxin-4